{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T04:01:09Z","timestamp":1748491269177,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]],"date-time":"2015-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K08-DA025041","R01-DA026831","U54-DA031659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08-DA025041","R01-DA026831","U54-DA031659"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RSG-13-163-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSG-13-163-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32-CA009492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-CA009492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research designs for parsing the mechanisms underlying tobacco withdrawal are scant. This study introduced a novel research design that simultaneously manipulated three tobacco withdrawal mechanisms: pharmacological (nicotine dissipation), sensorimotor (elimination of the smoking ritual), and expectancy (activation of beliefs regarding the effects of nicotine deprivation), permitting examination of the effects of each mechanism while holding the other two mechanisms constant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following overnight abstinence, 32 regular cigarette smokers were randomized in a 2 (expectancy: told patch contains nicotine versus told placebo patch)\u2009\u00d7\u20092 (drug: receive 21\u2010mg transdermal nicotine patch versus receive placebo patch)\u2009\u00d7\u20092 (sensorimotor: smoke very low nicotine content cigarettes versus no smoking) full factorial between\u2010subjects design. Participants repeatedly completed measures of craving, affect, and anticipated pleasure from and desire for rewarding experiences, followed by a smoking lapse analog task.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Receiving nicotine (versus placebo) increased positive affect and anticipated pleasure from and desire for reward. Expecting nicotine (versus placebo) reduced negative affect and increased smoking delay. Sensorimotor stimulation from smoking (versus no smoking) reduced smoking urge and behavior.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results provided initial validation of this novel three\u2010mechanism design. This design can be used in the future to advance understanding and treatment of tobacco withdrawal. 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