{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:23:56Z","timestamp":1760171036900,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI073961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI073961"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007700","name":"Miami Center for AIDS Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010DA031201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010DA031201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined if methamphetamine use alone (METH\u00a0+\u00a0HIV\u2212) and methamphetamine use in combination with HIV (METH\u00a0+\u00a0HIV+) were associated with hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation as well as insulin resistance relative to a nonmethamphetamine\u2010using, HIV\u2010negative comparison group (METH\u2010HIV\u2212).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using an intact groups design, serum levels of HPA axis hormones in 46 METH\u00a0+\u00a0HIV\u2212 and 127 METH\u00a0+\u00a0HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM) were compared to 136 METH\u2010HIV\u2212 men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no group differences in prevailing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or cortisol levels, but the association between ACTH and cortisol was moderated by METH\u00a0+\u00a0HIV+ group (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.19, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). Compared to METH\u2010HIV\u2212 men, METH\u00a0+\u00a0HIV+ MSM displayed 10% higher log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> cortisol levels per standard deviation lower ACTH. Both groups of methamphetamine\u2010using MSM had lower insulin resistance and greater syndemic burden (i.e., sleep disturbance, severe depression, childhood trauma, and polysubstance use disorder) compared to METH\u2010HIV\u2212 men. However, the disaggregated functional relationship between ACTH and cortisol in METH\u00a0+\u00a0HIV+ MSM was independent of these factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Further research is needed to characterize the bio\u2010behavioral pathways that explain dysregulated HPA axis functioning in HIV\u2010positive, methamphetamine\u2010using MSM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T15:44:00Z","timestamp":1513871040000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Short circuit: Disaggregation of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels in HIV\u2010positive, methamphetamine\u2010using men who have sex with men"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8146-5701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam W.","family":"Carrico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of Miami, School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8543-2061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta J.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Miami, School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0309-0334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Miami, School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3711-0540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahendra","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Miami, School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2011.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.020"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029976","article-title":"Preliminary evidence for lowered basal cortisol in a naturalistic sample of methamphetamine polydrug users","volume":"20","author":"Carson D. 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