{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:54:04Z","timestamp":1785873244547,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,14]],"date-time":"2018-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["27749"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27749"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004887","name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant: 27749"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant: 27749"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004887","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of citicoline add\u2010on therapy in treatment of negative symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a double\u2010blind and placebo\u2010controlled study, patients with stable schizophrenia (DSM\u20105) were randomized to receive either 2,500\u00a0mg\/day citicoline or placebo in addition to risperidone for 8\u00a0weeks. The patients were assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), the extrapyramidal symptom rating scale (ESRS), and Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS). The primary outcome was the difference in PANSS negative subscale score reduction from baseline to week 8 between the citicoline and the placebo groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010six individuals (out of 73 enrolled) completed the trial. The citicoline group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in negative scores, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(1.840, 118.360)\u00a0=\u00a08.383, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001, as well as general psychopathology, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(1.219, 78.012)\u00a0=\u00a06.636, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.008; change in general psychopathology did not remain significant after adjustment, and total PANSS scores, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(1.633, 104.487)\u00a0=\u00a015.400, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001, compared with the placebo. HDRS scores and its changes, ESRS score, and frequency of other side effects were not significantly different between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Citicoline add\u2010on therapy to risperidone can effectively improve the primary negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,14]],"date-time":"2018-06-14T11:22:25Z","timestamp":1528975345000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Citicoline (<scp>CDP<\/scp>\u2010choline) add\u2010on therapy to risperidone for treatment of negative symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia: <scp>A<\/scp> double\u2010blind, randomized placebo\u2010controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Ghajar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faezeh","family":"Gholamian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Tabatabei\u2010Motlagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Afarideh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzin","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qods Hospital Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences  Sanandaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Ghazizadeh\u2010Hashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2277-5101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahin","family":"Akhondzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.1999.00231.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.2016.1095086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2796-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1045-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbl057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/mf.2009.31.3.1364241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.107359"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Chouinard G. 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