{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T22:17:14Z","timestamp":1759961834618,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]],"date-time":"2018-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32003B_175780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32003B_175780"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gamma\u2010hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an endogenous GHB\u2010\/GABA\u2010B receptor agonist and a narcolepsy treatment. However, GHB is also abused for its prohedonic effects. On a neuronal level, it was shown that GHB increases regional cerebral blood flow in limbic areas such as the right anterior insula (rAI) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We aimed to further explore the association between the subjective and neuronal signatures of GHB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed subjective effects and resting\u2010state functional connectivity (rsFC) of an rAI\u2010 and an ACC\u2010seed in 19 healthy male subjects after GHB (35\u00a0mg\/kg p.o.) using a placebo\u2010controlled, double\u2010blind, randomized, cross\u2010over functional magnet resonance imaging design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>GHB increased subjective ratings for euphoria (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and sexual arousal (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Moreover, GHB increased rAI\u2010rsFC to the right thalamus and the superior frontal gyrus and decreased ACC\u2010rsFC to the bilateral paracentral lobule (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05, cluster corrected). Moreover, GHB\u2010induced euphoria was associated with rAI\u2010rsFC to the superior frontal gyrus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05, uncorrected).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>GHB induces prohedonic effects such as euphoria and sexual arousal and in parallel modulates limbic rsFC with areas linked to regulation of mood, cognitive control, and sexual experience. These results further elucidate the drug's effects in neuropsychiatric disorders and as drug of abuse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]],"date-time":"2018-11-14T05:09:51Z","timestamp":1542172191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prohedonic properties of gamma\u2010hydroxybutyrate are associated with changes in limbic resting\u2010state functional connectivity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5807-0859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver G.","family":"Bosch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Psychiatric 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University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Kraehenmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Staempfli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"MR\u2010Center of the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics and the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich  Zurich 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