{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T23:08:04Z","timestamp":1779145684605,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]],"date-time":"2019-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003182","name":"Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>AKT1 and GSK3B take part in one of the intracellular cascades activated by the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2). This receptor is antagonized by antipsychotics and plays a role in the pathogenesis of antipsychotic\u2010induced tardive dyskinesia (TD). The present study investigated association of several polymorphisms in the two candidate genes, <jats:italic>AKT1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>GSK3B<\/jats:italic>, with TD in antipsychotic\u2010treated patients with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>DNA samples from 449 patients from several Siberian regions (Russia) were genotyped, and the results were analyzed using chi\u2010squared tests and analyses of variance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antipsychotic\u2010induced TD was not associated with either of the tested functional polymorphisms (rs334558, rs1130214, and rs3730358).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite regulation of AKT1 and GSK3B by DRD2, we found no evidence that these two kinases play a major role in the pathogenesis of antipsychotic\u2010induced TD. These results agree with previously published data and necessitate further exploration of other pathogenic mechanisms, such as neurotoxicity due to excessive dopamine metabolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T08:17:36Z","timestamp":1547021856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["No evidence so far of a major role of <i>AKT1<\/i> and <i>GSK3B<\/i> in the pathogenesis of antipsychotic\u2010induced tardive dyskinesia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3509-1304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Levchenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Biomedicine Saint Petersburg State University  Saint Petersburg Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalya","family":"Vyalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Mental Health Research Institute  Tomsk Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan V.","family":"Pozhidaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Mental Health Research Institute  Tomsk Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasiia S.","family":"Boiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Mental Health Research Institute  Tomsk Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana Z.","family":"Osmanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Mental Health Research Institute  Tomsk Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga Yu.","family":"Fedorenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Mental Health Research Institute  Tomsk Russia"},{"name":"Division for Control and Diagnostics, School of Non-Destructive Testing &amp; Security National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University  Tomsk Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arkadiy V.","family":"Semke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Mental Health Research Institute  Tomsk Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolay A.","family":"Bokhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Mental Health Research Institute  Tomsk Russia"},{"name":"Department of Psychotherapy and Psychological Counseling National Research Tomsk State University  Tomsk Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bob","family":"Wilffert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton J.M.","family":"Loonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"GGZ Westelijk Noord\u2010Brabant  Bergen op Zoom The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetlana A.","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Mental Health Research Institute  Tomsk Russia"},{"name":"Division for Control and Diagnostics, School of Non-Destructive Testing &amp; 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