{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T17:39:01Z","timestamp":1785001141929,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]],"date-time":"2019-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81371340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81371340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to characterise international trends in the use of psychotropic medication, psychological therapies, and novel therapies used to treat obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Researchers in the field of OCD were invited to contribute summary statistics on the characteristics of their samples. Consistency of summary statistics across countries was evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study surveyed 19 expert centres from 15 countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States) providing a total sample of 7,340 participants. Fluoxetine (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0972; 13.2%) and fluvoxamine (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0913; 12.4%) were the most commonly used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications. Risperidone (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0428; 7.3%) and aripiprazole (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0415; 7.1%) were the most commonly used antipsychotic agents. Neurostimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, gamma knife surgery, and psychosurgery were used in less than 1% of the sample. There was significant variation in the use and accessibility of exposure and response prevention for OCD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The variation between countries in treatments used for OCD needs further evaluation. Exposure and response prevention is not used as frequently as guidelines suggest and appears difficult to access in most countries. Updated treatment guidelines are recommended.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]],"date-time":"2019-01-10T10:52:10Z","timestamp":1547117530000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Treatments used for obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder\u2014An international perspective"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4188-4370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlasios","family":"Brakoulias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Nepean Hospital, Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney  Penrith NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladan","family":"Starcevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Nepean Hospital, Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney  Penrith NSW 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Research Unit for Obsessive\u2010Compulsive and Related Disorders, I'TOC, Faculty of Psychology Universidad de Valencia  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Borda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Bio\u2010Behavioral Institute BA  Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Argentinian Catholic University (UCA)  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Dell'Osso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, Dipartmento di Farmacia University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason A.","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry McLean Hospital\/Harvard Medical School  Belmont 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