{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T06:19:53Z","timestamp":1778739593664,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Benzodiazepines impair driving ability and psychomotor function. Eyelid parameters accurately reflect drowsiness; however, the effects of benzodiazepines on these measures have not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of benzodiazepines on eyelid parameters and evaluate their accuracy for detecting psychomotor impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eyelid parameters were recorded during a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and driving simulation over 2\u2009days, baseline, and after 20\u2010mg oral temazepam. The utility of eyelid parameters for detecting PVT lapses was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves, and cut\u2010off levels indicating impairment (\u22651 and \u22652 PVT lapses per min) were identified. The accuracy of these cut\u2010off levels for detecting driving simulator crashes was then examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PVT and driving simulator performance was significantly impaired following benzodiazepine administration (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Average eyelid closure duration (inter\u2010event duration) was a reliable indicator of PVT lapses (area under the curve [AUC] of 0.87\u20130.90). The cut\u2010off value of eyelid closure duration derived from PVT AUC was able to predict driving simulator crashes with moderately high sensitivity and specificity (76.23% and 75.00%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eyelid parameters were affected by benzodiazepines and accurately detected the psychomotor impairment. In particular, eyelid closure duration is a promising real\u2010time indicator of benzodiazepine impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T10:34:13Z","timestamp":1580898853000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Assessing the validity of eyelid parameters to detect impairment due to benzodiazepines"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1807-9189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa E.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Breathing and Sleep Austin Health  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melinda L.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Breathing and Sleep Austin Health  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Health &amp; 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