{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T14:16:22Z","timestamp":1770905782017,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003385","name":"Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The endogenous opioid system is assumed to be involved in the pathophysiology of borderline personality disorder (BPD), and opioid antagonists may improve core features of BPD. The aim of this retrospective chart analysis was to evaluate the relative contribution of the opioid antagonist naltrexone and other psychotropic drugs in the improvement of overall symptomatology in BPD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred sixty\u2010one inpatients with BPD treated between January 2010 and October 2013 were classified as either treatment responders or non\u2010responders. Treatment responders were defined as subjects with significant improvements in four or more symptoms from a defined symptom list. The relative contribution of all psychotropic drugs to improvement of BPD symptomatology was assessed by means of a stepwise logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>None of the drugs applied contributed significantly to improvement, with the exception of naltrexone (odds ratio [OR] 43.2, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.0001). Patients treated with naltrexone (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a055, 34%) recovered significantly more often. Higher doses of naltrexone were more effective (OR 791.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.0001) than lower doses (OR 26.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.0001); however, even low\u2010dose treatment was better than any other pharmacological treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Naltrexone was associated with improvement in BPD in a dose\u2010dependent manner. The present study provides additional evidence that dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system is implicated in the pathophysiology of BPD symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T17:50:14Z","timestamp":1621878614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Efficacy of naltrexone in borderline personality disorder, a retrospective analysis in inpatients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7154-2427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"Tim\u00e4us","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Meiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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