{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T11:57:19Z","timestamp":1784030239777,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ayahuasca is a psychedelic brew that originated in the Amazon basin. The psychological effects of this drug are becoming better understood due to the growing research interest in identifying new potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of emotion dysregulation and other disorders. Previous studies suggest that ayahuasca enhances mindfulness\u2010related capacities (decentering, non\u2010judging, non\u2010reacting and acceptance) and emotion regulation. The aim of the present exploratory study was to determine the effects of ayahuasca on self\u2010compassion in a community sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We administered validated questionnaires (the Self\u2010Compassion Scale\u2010Short Form and Forms of Self\u2010Criticism and Self\u2010Reassurance) to evaluate pre\u2010post changes in self\u2010compassion and self\u2010criticism\/self\u2010reassurance in 45 volunteers (27 women; 60%) before and after (\u226424\u00a0h) an ayahuasca ceremony. Most participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a029; 67.4%) had previously used ayahuasca.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ayahuasca resulted in significant improvements, with medium to large effect sizes (<jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.184\u20130.276), in measures of self\u2010compassion (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), self\u2010criticism (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) and self\u2010reassurance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings of this study suggest that ayahuasca promotes well\u2010being and self\u2010compassion, which could have a therapeutic effect on individuals with negative affect and other psychopathological conditions. Large, controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T18:59:51Z","timestamp":1629399591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Ayahuasca may help to improve self\u2010compassion and self\u2010criticism capacities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Dom\u00ednguez\u2010Clav\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Service Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health CIBERSAM  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8077-3641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Service Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health CIBERSAM  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Elices","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Service Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health CIBERSAM  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Franquesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Service Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enric","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Service Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health CIBERSAM  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan C.","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Service Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health CIBERSAM  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671\u2010013\u20100205\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HNP.0000000000000017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2016.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010018\u20105085\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010011\u20102434\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125316689030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature.2015.17252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477\u20107525\u201012\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114555249"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"The mindful path to self\u2010compassion: Freeing yourself from destructive thoughts and emotions","author":"Germer C. 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