{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:03:46Z","timestamp":1780337026967,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005378","name":"Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005378","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lithium treatment on renal function and to determine influencing factors. In addition, the utility of spot urine protein\/creatinine ratio in detection of lithium induced nephropathy was also investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum concentrations of lithium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinalysis including protein\/creatinine ratio were measured in 375 patients using lithium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients taking lithium for \u22658 years had higher BUN, creatinine levels, percentage of proteinuria, percentages of stage 2 and 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD); lower urine density and eGFR compared to patients taking lithium &lt;8 years. Urine density was lower in groups with &gt;0.8 and 0.6\u20130.8 mmol\/L lithium level than &lt;0.6 mmol\/L. Predictors of CKD were serum level of lithium, dose of lithium, cumulative duration of lithium use, age at onset of illness, and caffeine consumption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Detrimental effects of lithium on renal functions were detected after lithium use for \u22658 years. Proteinuria measured by spot urine protein\/creatinine ratio can be detected even when eGFR is &gt;90 ml\/min\/1.73 m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Spot urine protein\/creatinine ratio, which is a cost\u2010effective and practical laboratory test, can be used to monitor lithium\u2010treated patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T07:13:50Z","timestamp":1632122030000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Renal effects of long\u2010term lithium therapy, revisited"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"M. K\u00e2z\u0131m","family":"Yaz\u0131c\u0131","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2447-7263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u00e7in","family":"\u00d6z\u00e7elik Ero\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayg\u00fcn","family":"Ertu\u011frul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Elif","family":"An\u0131l Ya\u011fc\u0131o\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esen","family":"A\u011fao\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevilay","family":"Karahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Biostatistics Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurhayat","family":"Eni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demet","family":"Sa\u011flam Aykut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Karadeniz Technical University  Trabzon Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"Kavak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunus","family":"Erdem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Diseases Division of Nephrology Hacettepe Universitye  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.01.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification and stratification","volume":"39","author":"American National Kidney Foundation","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Kidney Disease"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Lithium nephrotoxicity","volume":"3","author":"Azab A. N.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Bipolar Disorder"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-014-0152-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199921060-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(01)00565-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.433"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"1333","article-title":"Proteinuria in adults: A diagnostic approach","volume":"62","author":"Carroll M. F.","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Academy of Family Physicians"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00316-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000001030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-1101-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.11.005"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"776","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease: Detection and evaluation","volume":"96","author":"Gaitonde D. Y.","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Academy of Family Physicians"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198312223092503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-016-0068-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200923050-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2009.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.01.416"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00131746-200007000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2020.1723487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2020.08.004"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"Use of lithium and Anticonvulsants and the rate of chronic kidney disease: A nationwide population\u2010based study","volume":"73","author":"Kessing L. V.","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n0618"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867412437346"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61516-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","volume-title":"Bipolar disorder: Assessment and management","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-125393"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12805"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116652577"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2362"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00475.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61842-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12543"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq656"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-017-0096-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(01)00308-6"}],"container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hup.2812","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hup.2812","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hup.2812","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T04:17:33Z","timestamp":1693109853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hup.2812"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hup.2812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hup.2812","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-6222","1099-1077"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-6222","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1077","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2812"}}