{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T23:43:26Z","timestamp":1783035806181,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]],"date-time":"2021-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gabapentinoids (GPT) are reported to be increasingly misused by opioid\u2010 and polydrug\u2010users, but the addictive potential of GPT outside of these populations remains understudied. Investigations comparing GPT abuse and dependence liability to that of other commonly prescribed Central Nervous System\u2010acting medications are therefore warranted. We provide a comparison of GPT\u2010abuse\/dependence to that of other GABAmimetics within an elderly population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR\u2010based data (previously prospectively collected by SKID\u2010I\u2010interview) from a random sample of elderly patients admitted to a metropolitan German general hospital were reviewed. The prevalence and severity of GPT, benzodiazepine (BDZ), and z\u2010hypnotic drug (ZD)\u2010abuse and \u2010dependence were compared, stratified also by mono\u2010substance (no concurrent current or previous substance use) and de novo\u2010substance (first)\u2010abuse and \u2010dependence states.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 400 patients (75\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.4\u00a0years old; 63% females), neither current nor past abuse of BDZ, ZD or GPT, nor other illicit substances was observed. Dependence upon BDZ, ZD or GPT was observed among 55 (13.75%) individuals. The related lifetime\/12\u2010month prevalence\u2010rates were: dependence condition (BDZ: 7%\/2.45%; ZD: 4.25%\/4.25%; GPT: 2.75\/2.5%); mono\u2010dependence condition (BDZ: 2.25%\/0.75%; ZD: 1%\/1%, GPT: 0%\/0%); de novo\u2010dependence condition (BDZ: 2.75%\/1.75%; ZD: 1%\/1%, GPT: 0.5%\/0.5%). Opioid analgesic\u2010dependence (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a043\/400) was significantly more frequently linked with BDZ than with GPT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) [Correction added on 29 December 2021, after first online publication: In the sentence \u2018Opioid analgesic\u2010dependence\u2026\u2019, the term \u2018and ZD\u2019 has been deleted]. For all three GABAmimetic classes, most mono\u2010 and de novo\u2010dependence states were mild\u2010to\u2010moderate and lasted 2\u20136\u00a0years (median).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>GABAmimetic\u2010dependence was usually mixed with other substance\u2010dependences. Every third to fourth instance of BDZ\u2010 or ZD\u2010dependence was a mono\u2010dependence condition, while a pure GPT\u2010dependence was absent in this elderly (and illicit substance\u2010na\u00efve) population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]],"date-time":"2021-10-23T14:26:06Z","timestamp":1634999166000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["How prevalent and severe is addiction on GABAmimetic drugs in an elderly German general hospital population? Focus on gabapentinoids, benzodiazepines, and z\u2010hypnotic drugs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Udo","family":"Bonnet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine Evangelisches Krankenhaus Castrop\u2010Rauxel Castrop\u2010Rauxel, Germany Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Duisburg\u2010Essen  Essen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Faculty of Medicine LVR\u2010Hospital Essen University of Duisburg\u2010Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heath B.","family":"McAnally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Anesthesia\u00a0&amp; Pain Medicine, LLC  Eagle River Alaska USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67318-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association (APA)","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.117.014381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01494-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2017.08.430"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"On the risk of dependence on gabapentinoids","volume":"86","author":"Bonnet U.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fortschritte der Neurologie\u2013Psychiatrie"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"Handbuch psychologischer und p\u00e4dagogischer Tests","author":"Braehler E.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-017-0207-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-019-05198-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/1662-9647\/a000140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200115050-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1417219112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(02)00034-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01495-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01432-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","volume-title":"User's guide for the structured clinical interview for DSM\u2010IV Axis I\u2010disorders \u2013 Research version (SCID\u2010I version 2.0)","author":"First M. 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