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Randomized controlled trials comparing either benzodiazepines with the Z\u2010drugs or any two of the Z\u2010drugs in patients with insomnia were included. Outcome measures included: sleep onset latency, total sleep duration, number of awakenings,  quality of sleep, adverse events, tolerance, rebound insomnia and daytime alertness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty four eligible studies were identified with a total study population of 3909 (17 studies comparing a Z\u2010drug with a benzodiazepine and 7 comparing a Z\u2010drug). Insufficient or inappropriately reported data meant that meta\u2010analysis was possible only for a small number of outcomes. There are few clear, consistent differences between the drugs. Some evidence suggests that zaleplon gives shorter sleep latency but shorter duration of sleep than zolpidem, reflecting the pharmacological profiles of the drugs. Copyright \u00a9 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,27]],"date-time":"2004-05-27T11:03:45Z","timestamp":1085655825000},"page":"305-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Comparative efficacy of newer hypnotic drugs for the short\u2010term management of insomnia: a systematic review and 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