{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:03:11Z","timestamp":1791478991901,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>We describe prescribing of anxiolytics\/hypnotics\/antidepressants at an all\u2010England level between 2010 and 2023, taking account of the influence of the COVID\u201019 pandemic\u2010period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All Primary Care Prescribing data for England for anxiolytics\/hypnotics\/antidepressant agents taken as tablets or capsules from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2023 were considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antidepressants: the greatest increases were in sertraline prescriptions increasing from 2.9million 2010 by 685% to 23.0 million\u20102023; duloxetine increased by 545% to 3.9million prescriptions; mirtazapine by 269% to 12.4million prescriptions. Regarding cost, overall average cost fell 2010\u20102023 by 54% from \u00a34.86(Euros 5.68) to \u00a32.25(Euros 2.63) per prescription. Anxiolytics: the number of prescriptions for anxiolytics fell 6.5\u20134.8\u00a0m (\u221227%) overall, with all anxiolytics falling except buspirone. The greatest period of fall was seen between 2018 and 2023. Lorazepam\/diazepam\/chlordiazepoxide were down 23%,16%, 88% respectively. Average cost of prescriptions fell by 13% to \u00a33.20(Euros 3.74). Hypnotics: the number of prescriptions for hypnotics fell 41% from 9.8million to 5.8million in 2023. All prescriptions fell in number. Annual trends showed no deviations for the COVID\u201019 core pandemic (2020\/2021) years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall trends demonstrate a more than doubling of antidepressant prescribing over the period 2010\u20132023, with similar volume reduction in anxiolytics\/hypnotics over the same period. Such real world data facilitate the development of policy influencing insights for psychotropic prescribing management now and in coming years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.70011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T11:55:21Z","timestamp":1755518121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["National Prescribing Trends and Cost Analysis of Antidepressants, Anxiolytics, and Hypnotics in England, 2010\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Mike","family":"Stedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Res Consortium  Andover UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Res Consortium  Andover UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Warner\u2010","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Ingram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Greater Manchester Mental Health  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9537-4050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Heald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Salford Royal Hospital  Salford 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