{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T14:47:07Z","timestamp":1772203627368,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>C\u2010C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) have been increasingly linked to neuroinflammation. This study evaluated the impact of escitalopram on serum CCL5 and FGF2 levels in patients with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty patients (18\u201350\u00a0years) with GAD diagnosed by DSM\u20105 criteria, and 30 healthy controls were included. All GAD patients received escitalopram and were followed up for 12\u00a0weeks. Serum CCL5 and FGF2 levels were measured before and after escitalopram treatment in GAD patients, with a baseline measurement in healthy controls using ELISA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found that serum CCL5 levels were significantly increased (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001) in GAD patients compared to healthy controls and remained higher after treatment without any significant change. However, serum FGF2 levels were comparable and did not differ significantly between healthy controls and GAD patients before treatment, and increased significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.011) after escitalopram treatment in GAD patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In GAD patients, serum levels of CCL5 remained elevated and FGF2 increased significantly post\u2010treatment with escitalopram. This suggests that escitalopram could exert a partial immunomodulatory effect on CCL5 and FGF2, thus modulating inflammation\u2010driven mechanisms of GAD. Future research in larger populations and longer follow\u2010ups is needed to further examine these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.70023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T05:41:36Z","timestamp":1761716496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immunomodulatory Potential of Escitalopram on C\u2010C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in Patients With Generalised Anxiety Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3474-9135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swathi","family":"Suresh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3377-9626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachna","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3472-7665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shruti","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5268-6444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumita","family":"Halder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0044-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seema","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2015.0147"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2011.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114525674"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2022.2086295"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742\u20102094\u20107\u201081"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.090217"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","unstructured":"Dattani S. 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