{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T11:04:31Z","timestamp":1779793471104,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Behavioural symptoms, including hallucinations, apathy, and depression, are frequent in Parkinson's disease (PD). This review evaluated the effectiveness of rivastigmine in treating neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A search of PubMed, MEDLINE and EBSCO (1 January 2000\u20131 October 2025) using terms related to PD and intervention (rivastigmine, anticholinesterase) was conducted. Case reports and case series were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight studies (5 randomized controlled trials and three open\u2010label studies) were selected. Due to the heterogeneity of the outcomes and methodological differences between studies, findings were summarized in a narrative way. In almost all studies, rivastigmine improved hallucinations. Data on the effect of apathy are mixed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present review suggests that rivastigmine may improve hallucinations in selected PD patients. Future multicentre, adequately powered randomized controlled trials\u00a0with a stratification by cognitive status, formulation, and dose of rivastigmine are needed. Despite the limited number of high\u2010quality studies and methodological heterogeneity, clinical practice consistently suggests the beneficial role of rivastigmine in managing behavioural disturbances in PD. In real\u2010world settings, rivastigmine is frequently associated with improvement of hallucinations and affective symptoms, particularly in individuals with co\u2010occurring cognitive impairment. While these observations cannot substitute for robust controlled evidence, they provide additional support for the therapeutic value of rivastigmine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.70049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T13:07:29Z","timestamp":1778850449000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rivastigmine for Behavioural Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence and Open Questions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8397-3478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonina","family":"Luca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery Kore University of Enna  Enna 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