{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:18:44Z","timestamp":1790738324917,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anxiety influences working memory performance, but the effects on clinical neuropsychological assessments of working memory are not well known.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined the effect of anxiety, induced using the 7.5% carbon dioxide model of anxiety on standardized clinical neuropsychological tests of working memory and executive function in a single\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled, randomized, crossover within\u2010subjects design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010challenge reduced spatial working memory performance and verbal working memory performance accuracy when task demands were high. The CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010challenge increased effort and reduced processing efficiency across all verbal and spatial working memory tasks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010challenge resulted in significant reductions in working memory performance and processing efficiency. These results encourage the routine assessment of anxiety when administering and interpreting neuropsychological measures of working memory function in clinical practice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.70051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T06:30:28Z","timestamp":1782109828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Verbal and Visuospatial Working Memory Performance During the CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Challenge Model of Anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Warren","family":"Dunger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Southampton  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of 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