{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T05:58:52Z","timestamp":1785131932117,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K09727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K09727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011923","name":"KDDI Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025\u2010MR\u2010003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025\u2010MR\u2010003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Etizolam is a short\u2010acting thienodiazepine widely prescribed for anxiety and insomnia despite increasing concerns regarding dependence and guideline recommendations limiting long\u2010term benzodiazepine use. This study examined long\u2010term prescribing trends of etizolam compared with benzodiazepine and non\u2010benzodiazepine hypnotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective database study including 16,886,524 prescriptions issued between April 2001 and March 2022 at a tertiary university hospital in Japan. Seventeen hypnotic agents were identified (10 benzodiazepines and 7 non\u2010benzodiazepines). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with prescribing hypnotic etizolam versus non\u2010benzodiazepine hypnotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 124,179 etizolam prescriptions, 83,927 (67.6%) were issued for hypnotic use. Although the absolute number of prescriptions declined over time, the proportion prescribed for hypnotic use remained stable. The ratio of hypnotic etizolam prescriptions to non\u2010benzodiazepine hypnotics was higher in internal medicine than in psychiatry. In multivariable analysis, prescribing hypnotic etizolam was independently associated with internal medicine (adjusted OR 1.57), female sex, outpatient status, younger age, and earlier calendar year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite declining overall use, etizolam continues to be prescribed as a hypnotic, particularly in non\u2010psychiatric settings. These findings highlight the persistence of specialty\u2010specific prescribing patterns and underscore the importance of targeted educational and policy interventions to promote safer hypnotic prescribing practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.70053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:45:43Z","timestamp":1782276343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long\u2010Term Trends in Prescribing of Etizolam for Hypnotic Use in a Japanese University Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4870-656X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mutsuhiro","family":"Nakao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Stress Management Showa Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hokuto","family":"Morohoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine Department of Hygiene Public Health and Preventive Medicine Showa Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumiko","family":"Kurata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Stress Management Showa Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiou","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Information Science and Technology &amp; Department of General Emergency Medicine, Northern Yokohama Hospital Showa Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2026.113085"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.07.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"Japan Pharmaceutical Information Centre.2025.Iyaku Search\/Iyaku Search plus. 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