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The incidence of SD and PND during the perioperative period in older adults is alarmingly high, with SD significantly contributing to the occurrence of postoperative delirium. However, the clinical evidence linking SD to PND remains insufficient, despite substantial preclinical data. Therefore, this study focuses on the underlying mechanisms between SD and PND, underscoring that potential mechanisms driving SD\u2010induced PND include uncontrolled central nervous inflammation, blood\u2013brain barrier disruption, circadian rhythm disturbances, glial cell dysfunction, neuronal and synaptic abnormalities, impaired central metabolic waste clearance, gut microbiome dysbiosis, hippocampal oxidative stress, and altered brain network connectivity. Additionally, the review also evaluates the effectiveness of various sleep interventions, both pharmacological and nonpharmacological, in mitigating PND. Strategies such as earplugs, eye masks, restoring circadian rhythms, physical exercise, noninvasive brain stimulation, dexmedetomidine, and melatonin receptor agonists have shown efficacy in reducing PND incidence. The impact of other sleep\u2010improvement drugs (e.g., orexin receptor antagonists) and methods (e.g., cognitive\u2010behavioral therapy for insomnia) on PND is still unclear. However, certain drugs used for treating SD (e.g., antidepressants and first\u2010generation antihistamines) may potentially aggravate PND. By providing valuable insights and references, this review aimed to enhance the understanding and management of PND in older adults based on SD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ibra.12167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T15:30:08Z","timestamp":1717860608000},"page":"197-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The influence of sleep disorders on perioperative neurocognitive disorders among the elderly: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7374-8755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology\/Department of Neurosurgery The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 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