{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:22:41Z","timestamp":1787653361596,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infant and Child Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The goal of this work is to determine how young children acquire domain\u2010general sequential patterns that we hypothesize underlie language learning. Participants included 26 typically developing children, aged 5.0 to 8.9 (years.months; 12 female). Six participants (23%) identified as Hispanic (White:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094; Multiracial:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091; Unspecified:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091). Twenty participants identified as Not Hispanic (White:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200916; Black\/African American:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091; Multiracial;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093). A modified serial reaction time task assessed children's abilities to learn sequences that share key elements with either Word segmentation or grammatical structure. In the Word condition, sequences were based on local transitional probabilities. In the Grammar condition, sequences complied with a second\u2010order rule. Each condition included a randomized comparison block. Children were sensitive to the sequences in both the Word and Grammar conditions during training, though this emerged more rapidly in the Word condition. Effect sizes (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) ranged from moderate to large. Importantly, children did not generalize to novel exemplars in the Grammar condition. Thus, they may have attended to associative biphone sequences or visual features of the array rather than learning the second\u2010order rule itself. This task affords the embedding of linguistically relevant sequences into a simple manual task to reveal domain\u2010general learning mechanisms relevant for language.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.70127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T01:39:17Z","timestamp":1784943557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Young School\u2010Aged Children Are Sensitive to Simple and Complex Sequential Patterns in a Modified Serial Reaction Time Task"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5781-7172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah","family":"Sack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boys Town National Research Hospital  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LouAnn","family":"Gerken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2854-6198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"H\u00e9lie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7989-737X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Goffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boys Town National Research Hospital  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1721107115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_JSLHR\u2010L\u201018\u20100036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00281"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000275"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15475441.2013.799988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092\u20104388(2009\/07\u20100189)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics: North American Edition","author":"Field A.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617710001724"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716413000490"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797614535937"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmla.1994.1002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Gerken L. 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