{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T18:53:43Z","timestamp":1778784823324,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]],"date-time":"2012-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1336003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,18]],"date-time":"2012-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1347926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":138,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The pharmaceutical industry is conducting research to evaluate the pathways and fate of active pharmaceutical ingredients from the consumer to surface waters. One potential pathway identified by the researchers is the disposal of unused pharmaceutical products that are discarded by consumers in household trash and disposed of in municipal solid waste landfills. This study was designed to evaluate relative amounts of surface water exposures through the landfill disposal pathway compared to patient use and flushing of unused medicine pathways. The estimated releases to surface water of 24 example active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in landfill leachate were calculated for 3 assumed disposal scenarios: 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total annual quantity of API sold is discarded and unused. The estimated releases from landfills to surface waters, after treatment of the leachate, were compared to the total amount of each example API that would be released to surface waters from publicly owned treatment works, generated by patient use and excretion. This study indicates that the disposal of unused medications in municipal solid waste landfills effectively eliminates the unused medicine contribution of APIs to surface waters; greater than 99.9% of APIs disposed of in a landfill are permanently retained. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013; 9: 142\u2013154. \u00a9 2012 SETAC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.1311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]],"date-time":"2012-05-03T14:32:16Z","timestamp":1336055536000},"page":"142-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Landfill disposal of unused medicines reduces surface water releases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Lial","family":"Tischler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tischler\/Kocurek, 107 South Mays Street, Round Rock, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Buzby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck & Company, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas S","family":"Finan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia L","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainability Sciences LLC, Hatboro, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1021\/es034430b","article-title":"Screening analysis of human pharmaceutical compounds in U.S. surface waters","volume":"38","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib2","volume-title":"Preliminary characterization of the pharmaceutical content of municipal solid waste landfill leachate from three landfills in Maine","author":"Behr","year":"2009"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1021\/es050991m","article-title":"Removal of pharmaceuticals in sewage treatment plants in Italy","volume":"40","author":"Castiglioni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib4","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Pharmaceuticals in the environment","author":"Cunningham","year":"2008","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.1274","article-title":"Predicting concentrations of trace organic compounds in municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge and biosolids using the PhATE model","volume":"8","author":"Cunningham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Integr Environ Assess Manag"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib6","author":"Golder Associates","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3645","DOI":"10.1021\/es0256212","article-title":"Environmental exposure and risk assessment of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents in wastewater and river water of the Glatt Valley Watershed, Switzerland","volume":"36","author":"Golet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.07.051","article-title":"Pilot survey monitoring pharmaceuticals and related compounds in a sewage treatment plant located on the Mediterranean coast","volume":"66","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib9","author":"IMS Health, Inc","year":"2001"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib10","author":"IMS Health, Inc","year":"2005"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.06.030","article-title":"Occurrence of antibiotics in wastewater treatment facilities in Wisconsin, USA","volume":"361","author":"Karthikeyan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1021\/es011055j","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999\u20132000 : A national reconnaissance","volume":"36","author":"Kolpin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1021\/es0516211","article-title":"Behavior of fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim during mechanical, chemical, and active sludge treatment of sewage water and digestion of sludge","volume":"40","author":"Lindberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib14","volume-title":"Decision maker's guide to solid waste management","author":"O'Leary","year":"1995"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib15","volume-title":"Electronic version","author":"[PDR] Physicians Desk Reference"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib16","first-page":"115","article-title":"A review of problems of sulfonamide chemotherapy","volume":"45","author":"Ruggy","year":"1945","journal-title":"Ohio J Sci"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib17","author":"Rxlist.com","year":"2010"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib18","volume-title":"Potential contribution of unused medicines to environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals","author":"Tischler","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib19","volume-title":"Assessment and recommendations for improving the performance of waste containment systems","author":"[USEPA] US Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2002"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib20","author":"[USEPA] US Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(94)00232-0","article-title":"Isolation, identification and determination of sulfamethoxazole and its known metabolites in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"658","author":"Vree","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"key":"2025010717040280600_bib22","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Human pharmaceuticals: Assessing the impacts on aquatic ecosystems","author":"Williams","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fieam.1311","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ieam\/article-pdf\/9\/1\/142\/59406303\/1311.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ieam\/article-pdf\/9\/1\/142\/59406303\/1311.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T17:25:42Z","timestamp":1736270742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ieam\/article\/9\/1\/142\/7723579"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ieam.1311","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-3777","1551-3793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-3777","type":"print"},{"value":"1551-3793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-09-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-04-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-09-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}