{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T06:13:23Z","timestamp":1781849603597,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Cameroonian farmers regularly use pesticides in farming to control pests, particularly along the riverbank of the Santchou agricultural area. The aim of this study was to assess the perception of farmers in West Cameroon (Santchou area) regarding the contamination risk in aquatic environments from the use of pesticides. A cross-sectional study via questionnaires was conducted among 150 selected farmers who cultivated fields along the banks of the Menoua River. Almost all the farmers (90%) used pesticides regularly, particularly herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides to combat pests. The main pesticides used were glyphosate, paraquat, dieldrin, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, copper oxide, and mancozeb. Farmers who cultivated larger areas of land or who had mixed culture crops tended to use pesticides more often (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). The use of river water by farmers was correlated with pesticide use (p\u2009=\u20090.010). Most of the pesticide users (90%) did not use protective equipment when spraying the crops. The farmers' perceptions of the risk of pesticide contamination of the river water (p\u2009=\u20090.002) or fish (p\u2009=\u20090.008) did not influence their actions. A correlation was found among pesticide users who believed that there was a risk of river contamination (45%) or fish contamination (42%) and intensive pesticide application during the rainy season (61%) or non-respect of the prescribed pesticide application doses (51%; p\u2009=\u20090.002). Farmers who regularly or occasionally consumed fish used pesticides more often than those who did not consume fish from the river. The findings of this study emphasize the need for education of farmers in Santchou to prevent the risk of environmental contamination and health hazards from increased dietary and\/or dermal pesticide exposure. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1600\u20131608. \u00a9 2023 SETAC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.4745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T07:53:06Z","timestamp":1674805986000},"page":"1600-1608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Use of pesticides and risk perception of environmental contamination by farmers surrounding the Menoua River (West Cameroon)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0000-9318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Innoncent Tamdjo","family":"Tache","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia Bi Asanga","family":"Fai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry & Wildlife Technology, College of Technology University of Bamenda North West Region Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Animal Biology University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon Awafor","family":"Tamungang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry & Wildlife Technology, College of Technology University of Bamenda North West Region Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Animal Biology University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4195-1278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Riegert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0001","first-page":"873","article-title":"Vegetable growers of pesticides use practices, cost, and health effects in the tropical region of Cameroon","volume":"4","author":"Abang","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0002","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Agricultural pesticides toxicity to aquatic organism: A literature review","author":"Akerblom","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e06271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06271","article-title":"Performance assessment of a widely used rapid diagnostic test CareStart\u2122 compared to microscopy for the detection of Plasmodium in asymptomatic patients in the Western region of Cameroon","volume":"7","author":"Bamou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-019-0128-3","article-title":"Pesticide exposure among Bolivian farmers: Associations between worker protection and exposure biomarkers","volume":"30","author":"Barr\u00f3n Cuenca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0041","author":"Chevalier","year":"1993"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.07.042","article-title":"Farmers' use of personal protective equipment during handling of plant protection products: Determinants of implementation","volume":"571","author":"Damalas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"24","key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24885","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05592-2","article-title":"Ecological risk assessment of agricultural pesticides in the highly productive Ndop flood plain in Cameroon using the PRIMET model","volume":"26","author":"Fai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"340","key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0008","first-page":"15","article-title":"Pesticide knowledge and safety practices among farm workers in Kuwait: Results of a survey","volume":"14","author":"Jallow","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.9734\/ajee\/2021\/v14i330210","article-title":"Human and environmental health implications of pesticides utilization by market gardeners in the western highlands of Cameroon","volume":"14","author":"Kenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology"},{"issue":"21","key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.19044\/esj.2017.v13n21p454","article-title":"Environmental and human health assessment in relation to pesticide use by local farmers and the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC), Fako Division, South-West Cameroon","volume":"13","author":"Kenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Scientific Journal"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0011","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Rainwater-smart agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas: Fostering the use of rainwater for food security. Poverty alleviation, landscape restoration and climate resilience","author":"Kool","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0012","first-page":"20","article-title":"Knowledge and practical use of pesticides in Cuba","volume":"21","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2007.10.013","article-title":"Attitudes and behaviours regarding use of crop protection products\u2014a survey of more than 8500 smallholders in 26 countries","volume":"27","author":"Matthews","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crop Protection"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0042","author":"Mbouombouo","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2013.09.030","article-title":"Knowledge attitude and practice of pesticide use among agricultural workers in Puducherry, South India","volume":"20","author":"Mohanty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.9734\/ijecc\/2021\/v11i530411","article-title":"Pesticide use practices and effects on the wetland biodiversity of Ndop, North West region of Cameroon","volume":"11","author":"Ncheuveu","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0043","first-page":"91","article-title":"Evaluation des facteurs de risquesenvironnementaux li\u00e9s \u00e0 la mauvaise utilisation des pesticides par lesmara\u00eechers au Cameroun: Le cas de Balessing \u00e0 l'ouest cameroun","volume":"13","author":"Ngameni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Afrique Science"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2007.01.008","article-title":"Smallholder vegetable farmers in Northern Tanzania: Pesticides use practices, perceptions, cost and health effects","volume":"26","author":"Ngowi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crop Protection"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0017","first-page":"618","volume-title":"A survey of pesticide use and application patterns among farmers: A case study from selected horticultural farms in rift valley and central provinces, Kenya","author":"Nyakundi","year":"2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics5040030","article-title":"A pilot study in Cameroon to understand safe uses of pesticides in agriculture, risk factors for farmers' exposure and management of accidental cases","volume":"5","author":"Pouokam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0020","first-page":"93","article-title":"Capture-based aquaculture of Clarias catfish: Case study of the Santchou fishers in western Cameroon","volume-title":"Capture-based aquaculture Global overview","author":"Pouomogne","year":"2008"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0021","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2013.03.006","article-title":"Pesticide risk perceptions and the differences between farmers and extensionists: Towards a knowledge-in-context model","volume":"124","author":"R\u00edos-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0023","author":"Sankoh","year":"2016"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0024","volume-title":"The use of pesticides in developing countries and their impact on health and the right to food","author":"Sarkar","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0025","first-page":"456","article-title":"Pesticide use and risk perceptions among farmers in Southwest Iran","volume":"18","author":"Seyyed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. An International Journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0026","first-page":"1607","article-title":"Systematic review of adverse effect of pesticides on top ten importers of African countries","volume":"24","author":"Sina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Science Environment and Management"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.4236\/as.2019.108079","article-title":"Farmers knowledge, attitude and practice on pesticides safety: A case study of vegetable farmers in mount-Bamboutos agricultural area, Cameroon","volume":"10","author":"Sonchieu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agricultural Sciences"},{"issue":"21","key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0028","first-page":"87","article-title":"Plight of pesticide applicators in Cameroon: Case of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)","volume":"4","author":"Tarla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0029","author":"Ter Braak","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0030","author":"TIBCO Software Inc","year":"2017"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5349341","article-title":"Alien fish species in the Mb\u00f4 floodplain rivers in Cameroon","volume":"2018","author":"Tiogu\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Biodiversity"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0031","first-page":"1988","article-title":"Features general morphology and growth of the African Cyprinidae Labeobarbus batesii in the flood plain of the Mbo, Cameroon","volume":"4","author":"Tiogu\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0045","author":"Tonleu","year":"2010"},{"key":"2025010717094759600_ieam4745-bib-0032","first-page":"68","article-title":"Plus de 100 pesticides dans les cours d'eau Suisse","volume":"11","author":"Wittmer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aqua et Gas"}],"container-title":["Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ieam.4745","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ieam.4745","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ieam\/article-pdf\/19\/6\/1600\/59563467\/ieam4745.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ieam\/article-pdf\/19\/6\/1600\/59563467\/ieam4745.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T17:43:52Z","timestamp":1736271832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ieam\/article\/19\/6\/1600\/7725224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ieam.4745","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-3777","1551-3793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-3777","type":"print"},{"value":"1551-3793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}