{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:18:24Z","timestamp":1790997504238,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Ascaridia galli<\/jats:italic> is the largest gut\u2010dwelling helminth of chickens, which confers adverse effects on meat and egg production; thus, on the animal protein supply and the economy. Both adult and immature parasites affect gut health, but larval stages play a major role in pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we present immunology and pathology of <jats:italic>A. galli<\/jats:italic> in chickens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Literatures were surveyed through online platforms such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Researchgate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The larvae cause excessive mucus production, damage to the intestinal gland, hemorrhage, anemia, diarrhea, and malnutrition. The adult worms can cause death by intestinal obstruction and intussusception. Although both cellular and humoral immunity are involved in fighting against ascariasis, the role of naturally acquired immunity is poorly defined. In cellular immunity, Th\u20102 cytokines (IL\u20104, IL\u20105, IL\u20109, and IL\u201013), goblet cells (mucin), gut\u2010associated lymphoid tissues, CD8\u03b1+ intraepithelial cells, TCR\u03b3\u03b4 + T cells, and TGF\u2010\u03b24 form a protective band. Type 2 immunity provides protection by forming a network of endogenous damage\u2010associated molecular patterns, chitin, and parasitic antigens. Among antibodies, IgY is the most prominent in chickens and provides temporary humoral protection. During parasitic infection, infiltration of various immune cells is evident, especially in the intestinal epithelium, lamina propria, and crypts of the duodenum and jejunum. In chickens older than 12 weeks, gradual reduction of worm burden is more successful than the younger birds. Female chickens exert a short\u2010lived but higher level of protection by passing IgY to chicks in the form of egg yolk antibodies. In laying conditions, immunity differs between breeds. This review provides an overview of the silent but inevitable pathological changes induced by <jats:italic>A. galli<\/jats:italic> and the interaction of host immunity with the parasite.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T09:35:54Z","timestamp":1695980154000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["<i>Ascaridia galli<\/i> infection in chicken: Pathobiology and immunological orchestra"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nusrat Nowrin","family":"Shohana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2754-0571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharmin Aqter","family":"Rony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Haydar","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU)  Dinajpur Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6176-1036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Shahadat","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharmin Shahid","family":"Labony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita Rani","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thahsin","family":"Farjana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Zahangir","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Abdul","family":"Alim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7350-3093","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Anisuzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistical database Rome Italy. 2019. Accessed November 30 2022.https:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data\/QCL"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933917000071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933907001353"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101082"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"500","article-title":"Epidemiology of gastro\u2010intestinal nematode infections in indigenous chickens of Bangladesh","volume":"19","author":"Ashika T","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bangladesh Agric Univ"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-019-00042-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2022.100692"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2021.h533"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00015972"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2011.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2010.527923"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","volume-title":"Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals","author":"Soulsby EJL","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ovj.v8i4.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660903124530"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-007-9021-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez422"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450601071696"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-47-43"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00015-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851994215.0245"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1589106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vpoa.2019.100012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life13010067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-014-0509-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00879.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-009-0085-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2020.102051"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2020.102105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18681\/pjn.v35.i01.p105-111"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2010.1120.1124"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845936877.0000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-3079-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011001636"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4450-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013000401"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2013.783199"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103614"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2011.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3832-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"On the pathogenesis of ascaridiosis in turkeys","volume":"16","author":"Vassilev I","year":"1973","journal-title":"Bull Cent Helminthol Lab"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(03)00119-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/77.6.908"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2018.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(92)90126-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00910.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12188"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2017.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009649"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI74917"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12517"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182008004319"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","first-page":"1750","article-title":"Immunity to intestinal parasites: role of mast cells and goblet cells","volume":"42","author":"Levy DA","year":"1983","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","first-page":"480","article-title":"Goblet cell mucins as the selective barrier for the intestinal helminths: t\u2010cell\u2010independent alteration of goblet cell mucins by immunologically 'damaged' Nippostrongylus brasiliensis worms and its significance on the challenge infection with homologous and heterologous parasites","volume":"81","author":"Ishikawa N","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0151"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2018.00060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.08.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxab051"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2017.1330536"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182014000742"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000103183"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5398\/medpet.2013.36.2.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-012-1403-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2010.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.130.6.1337"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80008-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026119290503300208"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(55)90011-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8040637"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","article-title":"Ethnopharmacological practices in management of livestock helminthes by pastoral communities in the drylands of Uganda","volume":"23","author":"Nalule AS","year":"2011","journal-title":"Livest Res Rural Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048195"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00525-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0007166031000088335"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006002046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-022811-101137"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-415847-4.00071-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/85.8.1364"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00119"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-396965-1.00006-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(04)00113-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(01)00095-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2485"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(81)80003-1"}],"container-title":["Immunity, Inflammation and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.1001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T16:19:01Z","timestamp":1696004341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/iid3.1001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/iid3.1001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.1001","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-4527","2050-4527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-4527","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-4527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1001"}}