{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T02:22:45Z","timestamp":1782958965388,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The heterocyclic compound 4\u2010hydroxy\u2010(2,2,6,6\u2010Tetramethylpiperidin\u20101\u2010yl)oxyl (TEMPOL) has a protective effect on neurological function in brain tissues damaged by ischemia and hypoxia. This study explored the effects of TEMPOL pretreatment on postoperative cognitive function in aged rats under sevoflurane anesthesia, focusing on inflammatory response and oxidative stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty male rats were divided into normal control (C), sevoflurane anesthesia (S), TEMPOL pretreatment (T), and sevoflurane anesthesia\u2009+\u2009TEMPOL pretreatment (ST) groups (15 per group). Groups T and ST rats received continuous intraperitoneal TEMPOL (100\u2009mg\/kg) for 3 days, while groups C and S rats were injected with 0.9% saline. After pretreatment, groups S and ST received 3% sevoflurane anesthesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rats in group S exhibited a longer swimming distance, longer escape latency, lower frequency of platform crossing, and shorter dwell time in the targeted quadrant than those in groups C and T. Rats in group ST exhibited a shorter swimming distance, shorter escape latency, higher frequency of platform crossing, and longer dwell time in the targeted quadrant than those in group S. The expressions of interleukin\u20106, tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and Ym1\/2 messenger ribonucleic acid were higher in groups S and ST rats than in groups C and T rats and lower in group ST rats than in group S rat (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T\u2010AOC), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH\u2010Px) were lower, while malondialdehyde (MDA) was higher in groups S and ST rats than in groups C and T rats (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Group ST showed higher SOD, T\u2010AOC, and GSH\u2010Px, and lower MDA than group S (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>TEMPOL pretreatment attenuated postoperative cognitive impairment induced by sevoflurane anesthesia in aged rats. This may be attributed to the downregulation of NR2B\u2010CREB\u2010BDNF pathway, reducing the inflammatory response and oxidative stress damage in hippocampal tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T14:32:18Z","timestamp":1695911538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The effect of TEMPOL pretreatment on postoperative cognitive function, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in aged rats under sevoflurane anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tianpin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science China Three Gorges University  Yichang Hubei China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Yichang Central People's Hospital  Yichang Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianzi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science China Three Gorges University  Yichang Hubei China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Yichang Central People's Hospital  Yichang Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Science China Three Gorges University  Yichang Hubei China"},{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Yichang Central People's Hospital  Yichang Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changchang","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science China Three Gorges University  Yichang Hubei China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Yichang Central People's Hospital  Yichang Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science China Three Gorges University  Yichang Hubei China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Yichang Central People's Hospital  Yichang Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiyun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science China Three Gorges University  Yichang Hubei China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Yichang Central People's Hospital  Yichang Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhigui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University  Guilin Guangxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4719-233X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science China Three Gorges University  Yichang Hubei China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Yichang Central People's Hospital  Yichang Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","article-title":"Intravenous versus inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia for postoperative cognitive outcomes in elderly people undergoing non\u2010cardiac surgery","volume":"8","author":"Miller D","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29271\/jcpsp.2020.04.417"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2017.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.910"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103673"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-020-03070-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202617666200513085403"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"817","article-title":"Effects of sevoflurane on neurogenesis of hippocampal DG area in mice of different ages","volume":"38","author":"Jia J","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12376"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760902977432"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Effect of Tempol pretreatment on postoperative cognitive function in aged rats under sevoflurane anesthesia","volume":"2","author":"Su H","year":"2015","journal-title":"Shaanxi Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.134785"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Effects of sevoflurane and desflurane on early cognitive changes after thyroid surgery: interim results","volume":"26","author":"Kuzminskait\u0117 V","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Med Litu"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"573","article-title":"Comparison the effect of propofol with sevoflurane anesthesia on the cognitive function and oxidative stress after carotid endarterectomy in elder patients","volume":"39","author":"Kong CC","year":"2017","journal-title":"Beijing Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173439"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182834d77"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.219032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2020.1831011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.11933"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2020.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-10-810531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22126"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","first-page":"1238","article-title":"Tempol relieves lung injury in a rat model of chronic intermittent hypoxia via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"21","author":"Wang Y","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Immunity, Inflammation and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.1023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T16:18:55Z","timestamp":1696004335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/iid3.1023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/iid3.1023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.1023","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-4527","2050-4527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-4527","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-4527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1023"}}