{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T18:04:26Z","timestamp":1788026666718,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tissue injury and inflammation are two potential outcomes of cerebral ischemia\u2013reperfusion (I\/R) injury. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), isolated from the roots of<jats:italic>Salvia miltiorrhiza<\/jats:italic>, is one of the major water\u2010soluble compounds with a wide range of pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti\u2010inflammatory, antiproliferative, and neuroprotective effects. In the present study, we explored the neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of Sal B after I\/R injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We induced cerebral ischemia in male CD\u20101 mice through transient (60\u2009min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), and then injected Sal B (30\u2009mg\/kg) intraperitoneally. Neurological deficits, infarct volumes, and brain edema were assessed at 24\u00a0and 72\u2009h after tMCAO. We detected the expression of Toll\u2010like receptor 4 (TLR4), phosphorylated\u2010p38 mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase (P\u2010p38 MAPK), phosphorylated c\u2010Jun amino (N)\u2010terminal kinases (p\u2010JNK), nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB (NF\u2010\u03baB), and interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2) in the brain tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with the tMCAO group, Sal B significantly improved neurological deficits, reduced infarct size, attenuated cerebral edema, and downregulated the expression of pro\u2010inflammatory mediators TLR4, p\u2010p38MAPK, p\u2010JNK, nuclear NF\u2010\u03baB, and IL\u20101\u03b2 in brain tissue after I\/R injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that Sal B protects brain tissues from I\/R injury by activating its anti\u2010inflammatory properties.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T15:20:10Z","timestamp":1696432810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Neuroprotective mechanism of salvianolic acid B against cerebral ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury in mice through downregulation of TLR4, p\u2010p38MAPK, p\u2010JNK, NF\u2010\u03baB, and IL\u20101\u03b2"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiu\u2010fen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Tangshan Central Hospital Tangshan Hebei PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6207-8504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang\u2010jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China"},{"name":"Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio\u2010cerebrovascular Disease Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010peng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing\u2010ru","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China"},{"name":"Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio\u2010cerebrovascular Disease Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Shijiazhuang Hebei PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116889"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.029606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.782569"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b20-00604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0294-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28104117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"XuJ SunX QinF WangX ChenQ YanR. 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