{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:28:17Z","timestamp":1787729297259,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010COVID is a heterogeneous condition with a litany of physical and neuropsychiatric presentations and its pathophysiology remains unclear. Little is known about the association between inflammatory biomarkers, such as interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) in the acute phase, and persistent symptoms after hospitalization in COVID\u201019 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>IL\u20106, CRP, troponin\u2010T, and ferritin were analyzed at admission for all patients with COVID\u201019 between September 1, 2020 to January 10, 2021. Survivors were followed up 3\u2010months following hospital discharge and were asked to report persistent symptoms they experienced. Admission data were retrospectively collected. Independent <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests and Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> tests were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a sample of 144 patients (62.5% male, mean Age 62 years [SD\u2009=\u200913.6]) followed up 3 months after hospital discharge, the commonest symptoms reported were fatigue (54.2%), breathlessness (52.8%), and sleep disturbance (37.5%). In this sample, admission levels of IL\u20106, CRP and ferritin were elevated. However, those reporting myalgia, low mood, and anxiety at follow\u2010up had lower admission levels of IL\u20106 (34.9 vs. 52.0\u2009pg\/mL, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.043), CRP (83 vs. 105\u2009mg\/L, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.048), and ferritin (357 vs. 568\u2009ug\/L, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01) respectively, compared with those who did not report these symptoms. Multivariate regression analysis showed that these associations were confounded by gender, as female patients had significantly lower levels of IL\u20106 and ferritin on admission (29.5 vs. 56.1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03 and 421.5 vs. 589, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001, respectively) and were more likely to report myalgia, low mood and anxiety, when compared to males.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data demonstrate that female patients present more often with lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers on admission which are subsequently associated with long\u2010term post\u2010COVID symptoms, such as myalgia and anxiety, in those discharged from hospital with severe COVID\u201019. Further research is needed into the role of serum biomarkers in post\u2010COVID prognostication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T10:52:44Z","timestamp":1698663164000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Examining the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers during COVID\u201019 hospitalization and subsequent long\u2010COVID symptoms: A longitudinal and retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Dominic L.","family":"Sykes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull York Medical School Hull UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6925-8956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina M.","family":"Van der Feltz\u2010Cornelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of York York UK"},{"name":"Hull York Medical School York United Kingdom"},{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences University College London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Holdsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust Aylesbury United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon P.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull York Medical School Hull UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"O'Halloran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Frimley Health Foundation Trust Frimley United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Holding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull York Medical School Hull 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