{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:03:47Z","timestamp":1788941027246,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81770593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770593"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immune dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by severe pneumonia can lead to multiple organ dysfunction and even death, causing a significant impact on health and the economy. Currently, great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, but the mortality rate remains high (approximately 50%). Therefore, there is still potential for further exploration of the immune response mechanisms against severe pneumonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study analyzed the difference in serum metabolic profiles between patients with severe pneumonia and health individuals through metabolomics, aiming to uncover the correlation between the Tryptophan\u2010Kynurenine pathway and the severity of severe pneumonia, as well as N\u20103\/N\u20106 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, 44 patients with severe pneumonia and 37 health controls were selected. According to the changes in the disease symptoms within the 7 days of admission, the patients were divided into aggravation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200922) and remission (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200922) groups. Targeted metabolomics techniques were performed to quantify serum metabolites and analyze changes between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metabolomics analysis showed that serum kynurenine and kynurenine\/tryptophan (K\/T) were significantly increased and tryptophan was significantly decreased in patients with severe pneumonia; HETE and HEPE in lipids increased significantly, while eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), \u03b1\u2010linolenic acid (linolenic acid, \u03b1\u2010LNA), arachidonic acid (ARA), Dihomo\u2010\u03b3\u2010linolenic acid (DGLA), and 13(s)\u2010hydroperoxylinoleic acid (HPODE) decreased significantly. Additionally, the longitudinal comparison revealed that Linolenic acid, DPA, and Tryptophan increased significantly in the remission group, while and kynurenine and K\/T decreased significantly. In the aggravation group, Kynurenine and K\/T increased significantly, while ARA, 8(S)\u2010hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 11(S)\u2010HETE, and Tryptophan decreased significantly. The correlation analysis matrix demonstrated that Tryptophan was positively correlated with DGLA, 12(S)\u2010hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), ARA, EPA, \u03b1\u2010LNA, DHA, and DPA. Kynurenine was positively correlated with 8(S)\u2010HETE and negatively correlated with DHA. Additionally, K\/T was negatively correlated with DGLA, ARA, EPA, \u03b1\u2010LNA, DHA, and DPA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study revealed that during severe pneumonia, the Tryptophan\u2010Kynurenine pathway was activated and was positively correlated with the disease progression. On the other hand, the activation of the Tryptophan\u2010Kynurenine pathway was negatively correlated with N\u20103\/N\u20106 PUFAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T21:42:45Z","timestamp":1700602965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Correlation between immune\u2010related Tryptophan\u2010Kynurenine pathway and severity of severe pneumonia and inflammation\u2010related polyunsaturated fatty acids"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Baojun","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center) Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runpei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Key Laboratory of 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