{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T10:24:33Z","timestamp":1781864673318,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81901655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81901655"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cells and tissues, such as macrophages, express inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS) after stimulation by certain factors. INOS helps mediate the macrophage inflammatory reaction, but few studies have explored how INOS affects macrophage function in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the role of INOS\u2010mediated macrophage activity in NAFLD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high\u2010fat diet was used to establish an NAFLD mouse model. After 12 weeks, blood was collected for immune cell and lipid analyses, and liver tissues were collected for pathological analyses with hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining. Peritoneal macrophages were extracted in situ, cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, and stimulated with palmitic acid to mimic in vivo conditions for further assays. Real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence were used to verify the expression of target genes or proteins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the NAFLD model, INOS expression in macrophages increased, and <jats:italic>INOS<\/jats:italic> knockdown significantly decreased the number of macrophages. Pathological examinations confirmed that <jats:italic>INOS<\/jats:italic> knockdown slowed NAFLD progression and macrophage infiltration during inflammation. <jats:italic>INOS<\/jats:italic> knockdown also enhanced phagocytosis and lipid transport by macrophages, and increased the expression of autophagy\u2010related molecules in macrophages, which improved the autophagy level, promoted apoptotic cell degradation, and maintained intracellular environment homeostasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate a correlation between INOS expression and macrophage function in NAFLD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T08:05:28Z","timestamp":1703577928000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Inducible nitric oxide synthase accelerates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression by regulating macrophage autophagy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4629-5505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guiyuan","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University  Jining Shandong Province China"},{"name":"Institute of Immune Precision Diagnosis and Therapy and Translational Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University  Jining Shandong Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University  Jining Shandong Province China"},{"name":"Institute of Immune Precision Diagnosis and Therapy and Translational Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University  Jining Shandong Province 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