{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T17:50:38Z","timestamp":1770832238479,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008233","name":"School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DLY201605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DLY201605"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate whether treated with immunosuppressants in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) shows an effect on the severity and outcomes of COVID\u201019 Omicron variant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a substudy of a single\u2010center clinical trial involving human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC\u2010MSCs) in NMOSD patients. NMOSD patients with hUC\u2010MSCs treatment, NMOSD patients without hUC\u2010MSCs treatment, and matched healthy controls (HC) were included. Demographic information, NMOSD\u2010related clinical features, comorbidities, use of disease\u2010modifying therapy, COVID\u201019 vaccination status, COVID\u201019 clinical features, COVID\u201019 clinical outcomes, and NMOSD\u2010related disease activity were obtained through online questionnaires or phone calls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of NMOSD patients received long\u2010term treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (68.8%) or azathioprine (22.9%), and 50% received oral glucocorticoid. During the epidemic, 97.4% of NMOSD patients infected with COVID\u201019 had asymptomatic or mild forms, with only two patients (2.6%) requiring hospitalization. None of these patients required tracheal intubation or admission to the intensive care unit. Clinical symptoms were found to be more prevalent in HC groups. Additionally, the HC groups had higher fever\u2010recorded temperatures. NMOSD patients who received hUC\u2010MSCs treatment had shorter disease duration than patients who did not receive hUC\u2010MSCs treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunosuppressant\u2010treated patients with NMOSD have a similar risk of COVID\u201019 infection as the general population, but the disease duration is shorter and the clinical symptoms are less severe. Among our NMOSD patients who received hUC\u2010MSCs treatment, COVID\u201019 outcomes were favorable, with no increased risk of severe COVID\u201019. Prospective studies on immunotherapies are needed to help determine best treatment practices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T14:14:55Z","timestamp":1705414495000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Immunosuppressive therapy and COVID\u201019 infection in patients with NMOSD"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5949-9526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Un Wai","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiwen","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangtai","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12575-020-00128-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22062801"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168638"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Immunocompromised | COVID\u201019 Treatment Guidelines. 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