{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:11:15Z","timestamp":1788786675362,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The vast majority of systemic lupus erythematosus\u00a0patients develop lupus nephritis (LN) with severe renal manifestations, such as inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. The purpose of this research was to investigate <jats:italic>Cordyceps cicadae<\/jats:italic> as a potential therapeutic target for treating inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in LN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of <jats:italic>C. cicadae<\/jats:italic>\u00a0on lupus symptoms in mice with LN were determined. MRL\/lpr mice were treated with <jats:italic>C. cicadae<\/jats:italic> (4\u2009g\/kg\/day, i.e., CC group, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098) or an equal volume of saline (model group, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098), and MRL\/MP mice were treated with an equal volume of saline (control group, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098). Renal function indices, renal pathology, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers, and renal interstitial fibrosis levels were evaluated after <jats:italic>C. cicadae<\/jats:italic> treatment. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the effect of <jats:italic>C. cicadae<\/jats:italic> on the expression of fibrosis biomarkers and the phosphatidylinositol 3\u2010kinase\u00a0(PI3K)\/mammalian target of rapamycin\u00a0(mTOR)\u2010mediated autophagy pathway in the renal tissues of mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>C. cicadae<\/jats:italic> ameliorated renal lesions, the inflammatory response, and oxidative stress damage in MRL\/lpr mice. <jats:italic>C. cicadae<\/jats:italic> treatment inhibited renal fibrosis (16.31\u2009\u00b1\u20094.16 vs. 31.25\u2009\u00b1\u20095.61) and downregulated the expression of the fibrosis biomarkers alpha\u2010smooth muscle actin,\u00a0fibronectin,\u00a0and collagen I (COL I) in the kidneys of MRL\/lpr mice. In addition, further research showed that the PI3K\/mTOR\u2010mediated autophagy pathway was involved in <jats:italic>C. cicadae<\/jats:italic>\u2010mediated effects on renal fibrosis in MRL\/lpr mice. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of <jats:italic>C. cicadae<\/jats:italic> on repairing renal fibrosis and damage in MRL\/lpr mice was abolished by the PI3K agonist 740 Y\u2010P.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings of the present research showed that <jats:italic>C. cicadae<\/jats:italic> could alleviate inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in the renal tissues of mice with LN by targeting the PI3K\/mTOR\u2010mediated autophagy pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T06:49:45Z","timestamp":1706165385000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<i>Cordyceps cicadae<\/i> ameliorates inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and fibrosis by targeting the PI3K\/mTOR\u2010mediated autophagy pathway in the renal of MRL\/lpr mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Yantai City Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Yantai City Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Yantai City Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4469-1001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhichao","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine  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