{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:10:57Z","timestamp":1790075457178,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) immune response is crucial for disease management, although diminishing immunity raises the possibility of reinfection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined the immunological response to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in a cohort of convalescent COVID\u201019 patients in matched samples collected at 1 and 6\u22128 months after infection. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from enrolled study participants and flow cytometry analysis was done to assess the lymphocyte subsets of naive, effector, central memory, and effector memory CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in COVID\u201019 patients at 1 and 6\u22128 months after infection. Immunophenotypic characterization of immune cell subsets was performed on individuals who were followed longitudinally for 1 month (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200944) and 6\u22128 months (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925) after recovery from COVID infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed that CD4 +T cells in hospitalized SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 patients tended to decrease, whereas CD8+ T cells steadily recovered after 1 month, while there was a sustained increase in the population of effector T cells and effector memory T cells. Furthermore, COVID\u201019 patients showed persistently low B cells and a small increase in the NK cell population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings show that T cell responses were maintained at 6\u22128 months after infection. This opens new pathways for further research into the long\u2010term effects in COVID\u201019 immunopathogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T18:51:45Z","timestamp":1718131905000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["T\u2010cell responses in COVID\u201019 survivors 6\u22128 months after infection: A longitudinal cohort study in Pune"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4352-5339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Poonam","family":"Suryawanshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Facility, Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, (deemed to be University) Pimpri Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhagyashri","family":"Patil\u2010Takbhate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Facility, Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, (deemed to be University) Pimpri Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prachi","family":"Athavale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, (deemed to be University) Pimpri Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahzad","family":"Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, (deemed to be University) Pimpri Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7449-6729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuradha","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatitis Group ICMR\u2010National Institute of Virology  Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubhangi","family":"Kanitkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, (deemed to be University) Pimpri Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Shivnitwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, (deemed to be University) Pimpri Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8069-6084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhusudan S.","family":"Barthwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, (deemed to be University)  Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Dole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, (deemed to be University)  Pune India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanumant","family":"Chavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre Dr D. Y. 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