{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T19:34:33Z","timestamp":1783971273634,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to examine the proportion of CD161 on CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood of primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome (pSS) and investigate its clinical relevance of pSS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proportion of CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells and CD161 on CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells was detected by flow cytometry in 31 pSS patients and 29 healthy controls (HCs). The correlations between the proportion of CD161<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells and clinical features and disease activity of pSS were further analyzed. Meanwhile, we drew the receiver operating characteristic curve to evaluate the diagnostic value of CD161<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells in pSS. In addition, we evaluated the differences in the effects of CD161<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells and CD161<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> cells in peripheral blood on the function of CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells in 5 pSS patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proportion of CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells and CD161<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells decreased markedly in pSS patients compared to HCs. The correlation analysis showed that the proportion of CD161<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells negatively correlated with white blood cells, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, IgG, European League Against Rheumatism Sjogren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index and\u00a0European League Against Rheumatism Sjogren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index, and positively correlated with complement C4. The proportion of CD161<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells in pSS patients with decayed tooth, fatigue, arthralgia, skin involvement, primary biliary cirrhosis, interstitial lung disease, anti\u2010SSA\/Ro60 positive, anti\u2010SSB positive and high IgG was lower than that in negative patients. Furthermore, compared with inactive patients, the proportion of CD161<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells decreased obviously in active patients. The area under the curve was 0.7375 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0016), the results indicated that CD161<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells had certain diagnostic values for pSS. In addition, the proportion of CD86, HLA\u2010DR, Ki67, FasL, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and IFN\u2010\u03b3 on CD161<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells was lower than that on CD161<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells in the peripheral blood of pSS patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggested that the proportion of CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells and CD161<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells decreased significantly in pSS patients, and the proportion of CD161<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells negatively associated with the clinical features and disease activity of pSS patients. CD161 expression inhibited the function of CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells in peripheral blood of pSS patients. The CD161<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NK cells may present as a potential target for therapy and a biomarker of disease activity in pSS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T12:01:05Z","timestamp":1712318465000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The proportion of CD161 on CD56<sup>+<\/sup> NK cells in peripheral circulation associates with clinical features and disease activity of primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University  Bengbu China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation\u2010related Diseases  Bengbu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology &amp; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saizhe","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology &amp; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Affiliated Changshu Hospital of NanTong University  Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2863-6019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4962-6219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7383-1505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuiping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology &amp; 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