{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:45:22Z","timestamp":1786977922733,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human leukocyte antigen\u2010G (HLA\u2010G) is a non\u2010classical class I HLA molecule shown to regulate the immunomodulation of maternal immune cells to prevent fetal tissue destruction. Low levels of freely circulating maternal soluble HLA\u2010G (sHLA\u2010G) have been observed in pre\u2010eclampsia, however, no pooled evidence exists. This meta\u2010analysis aimed to generate pooled findings on the association of sHLA\u2010G levels with pre\u2010eclampsia and is the first study to perform a trimester\u2010wise comparison of the levels of sHLA\u2010G in preeclamptic cases and normal pregnant controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The databases PubMed, Emba, Web of Science, and Google Scholar through May 31, 2023. Preeclamptic women were defined as cases and normal pregnancies as controls. Data on the level of sHLA\u2010G in cases and controls was extracted and subjected to a meta\u2010analysis using a random\u2010effects model. The pooled effect was expressed in terms of standardized mean difference (SMD). Sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the effect of the exclusion of each study on the pooled results. Publication bias was assessed statistically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nine studies with altogether 567 PE cases and 1132 normal pregnancy controls were included in the meta\u2010analysis. The first and third trimester levels of sHLA\u2010G in PE cases were significantly lower than that of normal pregnant controls: (SMD: \u22120.84 [\u22121.29; \u22120.38];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.003; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200954%) and (SMD: \u22120.39 [\u22120.71; \u22120.06];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.02; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200979%) respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed significant fluctuations in the pooled findings when few studies were excluded, raising questions on the consistency of results among studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although we found that first and third\u2010trimester sHLA\u2010G levels in pre\u2010eclampsia are significantly lower, taking into consideration the inconsistent results from the sensitivity analysis, our findings advocate the demand for more studies with larger sample sizes to generate solid ground pooled evidence on the predictive role of sHLA\u2010G in pre\u2010eclampsia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T09:23:37Z","timestamp":1713518617000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Biomarker role of maternal soluble human leukocyte antigen G in pre\u2010eclampsia: A meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Abhinav","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University Maharajgunj Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8203-3329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangam","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University Maharajgunj Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4137-1022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna","family":"Dahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University Maharajgunj Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raksha","family":"Neupane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University Maharajgunj Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangharsha","family":"Thapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Westchester Medical Center Valhalla New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niraj","family":"Neupane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rochester General Hospital Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshuan J.","family":"Barboza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vicerrectorado de Investigacion Universidad Norbert Wiener Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anisha","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University Maharajgunj Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2695-8714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranjit","family":"Sah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine Kathmandu Nepal"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology Dr. D. 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