{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:49:32Z","timestamp":1787237372576,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013493","name":"Ellen, Walter and Lennart Hesselman Foundation for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016290","name":"Insamlingsstiftelsen Cancer- och Allergifonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016290","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The basophil activation test is an emerging clinical tool in the diagnosis of cow's milk allergy (CMA). The aim was to assess the association between the basophil allergen threshold sensitivity to the major milk protein casein (casein\u2010specific CD\u2010sens), the levels of milk\u2010 and casein\u2010specific Immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE\u2010ab), and the severity of allergic reactions at milk challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 34 patients aged 5\u201315 (median 9) years who underwent a double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled milk\u2010challenge (DBPCMC) as screening before inclusion in an oral immunotherapy study for CMA. The severity of the allergic reaction at the DBPCMC was graded using Sampson's severity score. Venous blood was drawn before the DBPCMC. Milk\u2010 and casein\u2010specific IgE\u2010ab were analyzed. Following in vitro stimulation of basophils with casein, casein\u2010specific CD\u2010sens, was determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010three patients completed the DBPCMC. There were strong correlations between casein\u2010specific CD\u2010sens and IgE\u2010ab to milk (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.682,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and between casein\u2010specific CD\u2010sens and IgE\u2010ab to casein (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.823,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). There was a correlation between the severity of the allergic reaction and casein\u2010specific CD\u2010sens level (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.395,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.041) and an inverse correlation between casein\u2010specific CD\u2010sens level and the cumulative dose of milk protein to which the patient reacted at the DBPCMC (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.418,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.027). Among the 30 patients with an allergic reaction at the DBPCMC, 67% had positive casein\u2010specific CD\u2010sens, 23% had negative casein\u2010specific CD\u2010sens, and 10% were declared non\u2010responders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two thirds of those reacting at the DBPMC had positive casein\u2010specific CD\u2010sens, but reactions also occurred despite negative casein\u2010specific CD\u2010sens. The association between casein\u2010specific CD\u2010sens and the severity of the allergic reaction and cumulative dose of milk protein, respectively, was moderate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T09:59:32Z","timestamp":1715248772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Basophil allergen threshold sensitivity to casein (casein\u2010specific CD\u2010sens) predicts allergic reactions at a milk challenge in most but not all patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Solveig","family":"R\u00f8isg\u00e5rd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Pediatrics, Ume\u00e5 University Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1389-8676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Nopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Science and Education Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Sachs Children and Youth Hospital S\u00f6dersjukhuset Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lindam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Research, Education and Development \u00d6stersund Ume\u00e5 University Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"SWITCH study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline A.","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Science and Education Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Sachs Children and Youth Hospital S\u00f6dersjukhuset Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9599-2580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina E.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Pediatrics, Ume\u00e5 University Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12630"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.02.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131804"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12429"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.S3.1601"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2019.100080"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.09.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13389"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13307"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9123942"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"Analysis of membrane expression of the CD63 human basophil activation marker. 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