{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:45:22Z","timestamp":1786977922892,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistent respiratory symptoms and lung abnormalities post\u2010COVID\u201019 are public health problems. This study evaluated biomarkers to stratify high\u2010risk patients to the development or persistence of post\u2010COVID\u201019 interstitial lung disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred eighteen patients discharged with residual lung abnormalities compatible with interstitial lung disease (COVID\u2010ILD patients) after a severe COVID\u201019 were followed for 1 year (post\u2010COVID\u2010ILD patients). Physical examination, pulmonary function tests, and chest high\u2010resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were performed. Soluble forms (s) of PD\u2010L1, PD\u2010L2, TIM\u20103, and GAL\u20109 were evaluated in serum and cell culture supernatant, as well as T\u2010cells subsets and the transmembrane expression of PD\u2010L1 and PD\u2010L2 on the cell surface.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty percent of the post\u2010COVID\u2010ILD patients normalized their lung function at 1\u2010year follow\u2010up, 8% presented COVID\u2010independent ILD, and 12% still showed functional and HRCT alterations. PD\u2010L2 levels were heterogeneous during acute COVID\u201019 (aCOVID); patients who increased (at least 30%) their sPD\u2010L2 levels at 1 year post\u2010COVID\u201019 and exhibited altered CD4\/CD8 ratio showed persistence of chest tomographic and functional alterations. By contrast, patients who decreased sPD\u2010L2 displayed a complete lung recovery. sPD\u2010L1, sTIM\u20103, and sGAL\u20109 increased significantly during aCOVID and decreased in all patients after 1\u2010year follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased sPD\u2010L2 and an altered CD4\/CD8 ratio after 12 months of aCOVID are associated with the persistence of lung lesions, suggesting that they may contribute to lung damage post\u2010COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T09:58:37Z","timestamp":1721383117000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Persistence of lung structural and functional alterations at one year post\u2010COVID\u201019 is associated with increased serum PD\u2010L2 levels and altered CD4\/CD8 ratio"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ivette","family":"Buendia\u2010Roldan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria\u2010Jose","family":"Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiram","family":"Aguilar\u2010Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia","family":"Palma\u2010Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadira","family":"Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucero A.","family":"Ram\u00f3n\u2010Luing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9884-7386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranferi","family":"Oca\u00f1a\u2010Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6876-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramc\u00e9s","family":"Falf\u00e1n\u2010Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mois\u00e9s","family":"Selman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2334-0361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leslie","family":"Chavez\u2010Galan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization 2024. 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