{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:43:11Z","timestamp":1791225791255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82101837"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101837"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an important risk factor for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID\u201019), but data on the prevalence of COVID\u201019 among people living with HIV (PLWH) is limited in low\u2010income countries. Our aim was to assess the seroprevalence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) specific antibodies and associated factors among PLWH in Sierra Leone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional survey of PLWH aged 18 years or older in Sierra Leone between August 2022 and January 2023. Participants were tested for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibodies using a rapid SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibody (immunoglobulin M\/immunoglobulin G [IgG]) kits. Stepwise logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibody seroprevalence with a significance level of <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our study, 33.4% (1031\/3085) participants had received a COVID\u201019 vaccine, and 75.7% were SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 IgG positive. Higher IgG seroprevalence was observed in females (77.2% vs. 71.4%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001), adults over 60 years (88.2%), those with suppressed HIV RNA (80.7% vs. 51.7%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), antiretroviral therapy (ART)\u2010experienced individuals (77.9% vs. 44.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and vaccinated participants (80.7% vs. 73.2%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Patients 60 years or older had the highest odds of IgG seroprevalence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u2009=\u20092.73, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.68\u20134.65). Female sex (aOR\u2009=\u20091.28, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.05\u20131.56), COVID\u201019 vaccination (aOR\u2009=\u20091.54, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.27\u20131.86), and ART (aOR\u2009=\u20092.20, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.56\u20133.11) increased the odds, whereas HIV RNA\u2009\u2265\u20091000\u2009copies\/mL (aOR\u2009=\u20090.32, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.26\u20130.40) reduced the odds of IgG seroprevalence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed a high seroprevalence of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibody among PLWH in Sierra Leone. We recommend the introduction of targeted vaccination for PLWH with a high risk of severe COVID\u201019, especially those with an unsuppressed HIV viral load.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T14:06:45Z","timestamp":1720706805000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 seroprevalence and associated factors among people living with HIV in Sierra Leone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention People's Liberation Army General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinwen","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Infectious Diseases The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulaiman","family":"Lakoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Sanitation Government of Sierra Leone  Freetown Sierra Leone"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences University of Sierra Leone  Freetown Sierra Leone"},{"name":"Sustainable Health Systems Sierra Leone  Freetown Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinquan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulai T.","family":"Jalloh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Sanitation Government of Sierra Leone  Freetown Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Foday","family":"Sahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences University of Sierra Leone  Freetown Sierra Leone"},{"name":"34 Military Hospital Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces  Freetown Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Sevalie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences University of Sierra Leone  Freetown Sierra Leone"},{"name":"Sustainable Health Systems Sierra Leone  Freetown Sierra Leone"},{"name":"34 Military Hospital Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces  Freetown Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darlinda F.","family":"Jiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Sanitation Government of Sierra Leone  Freetown Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim F.","family":"Kamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Country Office  Freetown Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingrong","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sansure Biotech Inc. National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tumor Gene Diagnosis Technology  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Zhong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sansure Biotech Inc. 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