{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T20:37:06Z","timestamp":1783111026004,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]],"date-time":"2016-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (eBL) is associated with Epstein\u2013Barr virus and repeated malaria infections. A defining feature of eBL is the translocation of the c\u2010myc oncogene to the control of the immunoglobulin promoter. Activation\u2010induced cytidine deaminase (AID) has been shown to be critical for this translocation. Malaria infection induces AID in germinal center B cells, but whether malaria infection more broadly affects AID activation in extrafollicular B cells is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We either stimulated purified B cells from AID\u2010green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter mice or infected AID\u2010GFP mice with <jats:italic>Plasmodium chabaudi<\/jats:italic>, AID fluorescence was monitored in B cell subsets by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vitro analysis of B cells from these mice revealed that CpG (a Toll\u2010like receptor 9 ligand) was a potent inducer of AID in both mature and immature B cell subsets. Infection of AID\u2010GFP mice with <jats:italic>Plasmodium chabaudi<\/jats:italic> demonstrated that AID expression occurs in transitional and marginal zone B cells during acute malaria infection. Transitional B cells were also capable of differentiating into antibody secreting cells when stimulated in vitro with CpG when isolated from a <jats:italic>P. chabaudi<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected mouse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data suggest that <jats:italic>P. chabaudi<\/jats:italic> is capable of inducing AID expression in B cell subsets that do not participate in the germinal center reaction, suggesting an alternative role for malaria in the etiology of eBL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]],"date-time":"2016-11-28T08:10:18Z","timestamp":1480320618000},"page":"497-505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<i>Plasmodium chabaudi<\/i> infection induces AID expression in transitional and marginal zone B cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Joel R.","family":"Wilmore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Maue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Rochford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado Aurora Colorado 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