{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:45:10Z","timestamp":1786977910800,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There is good evidence that specific autoimmune rheumatic diseases (RDs), for example, rheumatoid arthritis\u00a0and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), are associated with a state of hypercoagulability and an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, limited information regarding this association is available for other autoimmune or autoinflammatory RDs. We sought to address this issue by conducting a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of the association between the\n                      <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010dimer, an established marker of hypercoagulability and VTE, and RDs and the possible clinical and demographic factors mediating this association.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to\u00a0January 31, 2024. The risk of bias and the certainty of evidence were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist and GRADE, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 31 studies selected for analysis (2724 RD patients and 3437 healthy controls), RD patients had overall significantly higher\n                      <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010dimer concentrations when compared to controls (standard mean difference\u2009=\u20090.93, 95% CI 0.76\u22121.10,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200986.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001; moderate certainty of evidence). The results were stable in a sensitivity analysis. Significant associations were observed between the effect size of the between\u2010group differences in\n                      <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010dimer concentration and age, specific RD and RD category, RD duration, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor, C\u2010reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, patients with RDs have significantly higher\n                      <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010dimer concentrations when compared with healthy controls, indicating a state of hypercoagulability. The alterations in\n                      <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010dimer concentrations are mediated by age, specific RD and RD category, RD duration, and markers of anticoagulation and inflammation. Further research is warranted to investigate\n                      <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010dimer concentrations across the spectrum of RDs and their utility in predicting and managing VTE in these patients\u00a0(PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024517712).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T07:55:37Z","timestamp":1721980537000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of the association between the D\u2010dimer and rheumatic diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Angelo","family":"Zinellu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Sassari Sassari 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