{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T12:51:56Z","timestamp":1789735916676,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines emerged as a powerful tool in the fight against infections. Unlike traditional vaccines, this unique type of vaccine elicits robust and persistent innate and humoral immune response with a unique host cell\u2010mediated pathogen gene expression and antigen presentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This offers a novel approach to combat poxviridae infections. From the genome of vaccinia and Mpox viruses, three key genes (E8L, E7R, and H3L) responsible for virus attachment and virulence were selected and employed for designing the candidate mRNA vaccine against vaccinia and Mpox viral infection. Various bioinformatics tools were employed to generate (B cell, CTL, and HTL) epitopes, of which 28 antigenic and immunogenic epitopes were selected and are linked to form the mRNA vaccine construct.\u00a0Additional components, including a 5\u2032 cap, 5\u2032 UTR, adjuvant, 3\u2032 UTR, and poly(A) tail, were incorporated to enhance stability and effectiveness.\u00a0Safety measures such as testing for human homology and in silico immune simulations were implemented to avoid autoimmunity and to mimics the immune response of human host to the designed mRNA vaccine, respectively. The mRNA vaccine's binding affinity was evaluated by docking it with TLR\u20102, TLR\u20103, TLR\u20104, and TLR\u20109 receptors which are subsequently followed by molecular dynamics simulations for the highest binding one to predict the stability of the binding complex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>With a 73% population coverage, the mRNA vaccine looks promising, boasting a molecular weight of 198\u2009kDa and a molecular formula of C<jats:sub>8901<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>13609<\/jats:sub>N<jats:sub>2431<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2611<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>48<\/jats:sub> and it is said to be antigenic, nontoxic and nonallergic, making it safe and effective in preventing infections with Mpox and vaccinia viruses, in comparison with other insilico\u2010designed vaccine for vaccinia and Mpox viruses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>However, further validation through in vivo and in vitro techniques is underway to fully assess its potential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T12:25:07Z","timestamp":1723811107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Exploring computational approaches to design mRNA Vaccine against vaccinia and Mpox viruses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9646-5122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elijah K.","family":"Oladipo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Design and Development Helix Biogen Institute Ogbomoso Oyo State Nigeria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology Adeleke University Ede Osun State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olanrewaju 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