{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T06:10:12Z","timestamp":1696399812983},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]],"date-time":"2014-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>The mevalonate pathway is critical for the survival of <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>. \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, a small subset of peripheral blood (PB) T cells, recognize low molecular weight phosphorylated antigens in the mevalonate pathway, which drive their expansion to exert protective and immunoregulatory effects. To evaluate their role in schistosomiasis, we measured \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in the PB of non\u2010immune travelers who contracted <jats:italic>Schistosoma hematobium<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> in Africa. The maximal level of \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cells following infection was 5.78\u2009\u00b1\u20092.19% of the total T cells, versus 3.72\u2009\u00b1\u20093.15% in 16 healthy controls [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.09] with no difference between <jats:italic>S. hematobium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> in this regard. However, among the nine patients in the cohort who presented with acute schistosomiasis syndrome (AS), the level (3.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9%) was significantly lower than in those who did not (8.6\u2009\u00b1\u20096.4%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), both before and after therapy. Furthermore, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells increased significantly in response to praziquantel therapy. In a patient with marked expansion of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, most expressed the V\u03b42 gene segment, a hallmark of cells responding to cognate antigens in the mevalonate pathways of the parasite or the human host. These results suggest an immunoregulatory role of antigen responsive \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in the clinical manifestations of early schistosomal infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]],"date-time":"2014-05-16T15:45:23Z","timestamp":1400255123000},"page":"56-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gamma delta T cells in non\u2010immune patients during primary schistosomal infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Eli","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Geographical Medicine &amp; Tropical Diseases Chaim Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer 52621 Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Etti","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hematology Chaim Sheba Medical Center Ramat Gan Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilan","family":"Bank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine F and Laboratory for Immunoregulation Chaim Sheba Medical Center Ramat Gan Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69440-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1211.060340"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2199"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.4.1850","article-title":"Th2 cells are required for the Schistosoma mansoni egg\u2010induced granulomatous response","volume":"160","author":"Kaplan M. H.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4546","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.10.4546","article-title":"The granulomatous response in murine Schistosomiasis mansoni does not switch to Th1 in IL\u20104\u2010deficient C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"157","author":"Metwali A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.5.1871"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00046-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.975"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016\u2010013\u20108391\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)00483-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(99)80032-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182098003539"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.1.275","article-title":"Two waves of gamma delta T cells expressing different V delta genes are recruited into schistosome\u2010induced liver granulomas","volume":"155","author":"Sandor M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"R618","article-title":"Physiological role of HMG\u2010CoA reductase in regulating egg production by Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"257","author":"Vandewaa E. A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-2712(18)30533-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)01511-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(96)70208-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/593191"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl179"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1797"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.21.8217"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-8-407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/139.6.659"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00094.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401896"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4349","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102403","article-title":"Cellular interactions of synovial fluid gammadelta T cells in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"188","author":"Bendersky A.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100938","article-title":"GammadeltaT cells in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: higher percentages of synovial Vdelta1+ and Vgamma9+ T cell subsets are associated with milder disease","volume":"38","author":"Berkun Y.","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018\u2010013\u20101467\u20101"}],"container-title":["Immunity, Inflammation and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fiid3.18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.18","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/iid3.18","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T10:36:32Z","timestamp":1696329392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/iid3.18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/iid3.18"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.18","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-4527","2050-4527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-4527","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-4527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]]}}}