{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T09:16:47Z","timestamp":1762161407760,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Clonorchis sinensis<\/jats:italic> is a major parasite affecting the Korea population. Despite the high infection rate and pathogenicity, very few studies have been conducted to investigate the immune responses against the proteins of <jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, in vitro immune response induced by a recombinant 21.6\u2009kDa tegumental protein derived from <jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic> (rCsTegu21.6) was confirmed in murine dendritic cells and T cells. For the in vivo analysis, each mouse was immunized three times. Total serum IgG and T cell cytokine production were determined by ELISA, while T cell proliferation was detected by a WST (Water\u2010Soluble Tetrazolium salt)\u20101 assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vitro tests indicated that rCsTegu21.6 treatment increased the expression of surface molecules, such as CD40 (77%), CD80 (52%) and CD86 (46%), on murine dendritic cells and the secretion of cytokines (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u201010, and IL\u201012p70). Moreover, co\u2010culturing dendritic cells activated by rCsTegu21.6 with allogenic T cells induced T cell proliferation over time. rCsTegu21.6 also stimulated specific antibody production and cytokine secretion [IL\u20102, IL\u20104, and interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3)] from T cells following immunization in vivo. Notably, rCsTegu21.6 predominantly induced IgG1 production and secretion of the Th2 cytokine IL\u20104, regardless of the type of adjuvant used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results serve as a foundation for the development of tegumental protein\u2010based vaccines against <jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T07:23:00Z","timestamp":1539069780000},"page":"435-447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A 21.6\u2009kDa tegumental protein of <i>Clonorchis sinensis<\/i> induces a Th1\/Th2 mixed immune response in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9064-7454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"EunJoo","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases Korea Centers for Disease Control &amp; 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