{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:04:59Z","timestamp":1791932699353,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP18K15928"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K15928"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The impact of immune checkpoint blockade on immunity in cancer patients is not completely elucidated due to the complexity of the immune network. Recent studies have revealed a significant role of programed cell death\u2010ligand 2 (PD\u2010L2) in negatively controlling the production of CD4+ T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines and airway hypersensitiveness, suggesting hypo\u2010responsive Th2 cells via the PD\u20101\/PD\u2010L2 inhibitory pathway in lung could be reawaken by PD\u20101 blockade therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We describe the first report of acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP), which is known as Th2\u2010associated pulmonary disease, triggered by nivolumab, an anti\u2010PD\u20101 antibody, in an advanced non\u2010small cell lung cancer patient. Based on the current case report and literature, the present study proposes a potential mechanism of the onset of AEP as an immune\u2010related adverse event (irAE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 62\u2010year\u2010old man was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and nivolumab was selected as the third\u2010line regimen. After three cycles of nivolumab treatment, chest computed tomography revealed pulmonary infiltrates in both lungs. The patient was diagnosed with AEP based on the diagnostic criteria for AEP. Nivolumab was suspended and the patient was started on oral prednisolone. His symptoms and radiological findings had rapidly improved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the increasing frequency of the use of anti\u2010PD\u20101 antibodies, clinicians should be aware of the risk of AEP as a potential irAE. This study may improve our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying Th2\u2010associated irAEs and AEP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T09:50:06Z","timestamp":1542793806000},"page":"3-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["A potential mechanism of the onset of acute eosinophilic pneumonia triggered by an anti\u2010PD\u20101 immune checkpoint antibody in a lung cancer patient"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Jodai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto\u2010shi Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chieko","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto\u2010shi Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto\u2010shi Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Kakiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto\u2010shi Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahoko","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto\u2010shi Kumamoto 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Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto\u2010shi Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Ichiyasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto\u2010shi Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto\u2010shi Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9680-7559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto\u2010shi Kumamoto 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