{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:13:30Z","timestamp":1790802810464,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. The immune system is capable of clearing the pathogen before establishment of latent infection but the mechanisms for this are not yet understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study analysed highly exposed household contacts (HHC) of TB index cases who were categorised according to QuantiFERON (QFT) results at recruitment and 6 months. Seventeen (17) QFT nonconverters, 14 QFT converters, 18 QFT reverters and 18 latent TB infection (LTBI) were analysed. Supernatants generated following QFT stimulation at both time\u2010points were analysed using a 64\u2010plex cytokine array. Flow cytometry was performed on QFT converters and nonconverters at baseline only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interleukin\u20102 (IL\u20102), IL\u20105, IL\u201013, APRIL, IL\u201017A, IP\u201010, MIP\u20101\u00df, sIL\u20106rb, OPN, and sTNFR2 were all significantly higher in the QFT converters compared with nonconverters at baseline. Levels of interferon\u2010\u03b12 (IFN\u2010\u03b12) and IL\u20102 were significantly lower in QFT reverters compared with nonconverters at baseline. Analysis of Ag\u2010specific IL\u20102 levels resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84\u20101.00) for QFT converters compared to nonconverters and an AUC of 0.80 (0.65\u20100.95) for QFT reverters compared with LTBI. Purified protein derivative (PPD)\u2010specific CD4\u2009+\u2009CD26\u2009+\u2009IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2009+\u2009cells were significantly increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0007) in QFT nonconverters compared with QFT converters at baseline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of resistance to sustained <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\u00a0infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T13:00:13Z","timestamp":1566306013000},"page":"260-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Analysis of cellular and soluble profiles in QuantiFERON nonconverters, converters, and reverters in the Gambia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Lydia","family":"Medawar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccines and Immunity Theme MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Fajara Gambia"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatimi Mohd","family":"Tukiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgetta","family":"Mbayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccines and Immunity Theme MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Fajara Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Donkor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccines and Immunity Theme MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Fajara Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olumuyiwa","family":"Owolabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccines and Immunity Theme MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Fajara Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7083-4997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayne S.","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccines and Immunity Theme MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Fajara Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2_1","unstructured":"WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2018. 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