{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:19:20Z","timestamp":1785449960814,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,10]],"date-time":"2019-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CTDRC of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","award":["IR.TBZMED.REC.1396.189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IR.TBZMED.REC.1396.189"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D has important roles as a natural immune modulator via regulating the expression of genes which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D function and its deficiency have been linked to a wide range of metabolic disorders including disorders of calcium metabolism, malignant, cardiovascular, infectious, neuromuscular, and inflammatory diseases. Environmental factors, genetic factors, and epigenetic changes contribute to Behcet's disease (BD) development. The aim of our study was to analyze the expression level and methylation status of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene promoter in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with BD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a case\u2010control study, 48 Iranian Azeri patients with BD and 60 age\u2010, sex\u2010 and ethnically\u2010matched healthy controls were included. Venous blood samples were collected and PBMCs were isolated by Ficoll protocol. The DNA and RNA were subsequently extracted. Promoter methylation levels were evaluated by MeDIP\u2010quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression of VDR was evaluated by real\u2010time PCR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of quantitative real\u2010time PCR analysis showed that the level of VDR expression in patients with BD was significantly lower than the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.013). There was no significant difference in the level of DNA methylation in the BD and control groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). As the results show, the expression level of <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic> gene was significantly different between female and male in the patient group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001). <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic> gene expression was significantly higher in subjects with phlebitis. No correlation was observed between <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic> gene expression rate and BD activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic> gene expression decreased in patients with BD. However, there is no suggestion evidence that the expression level of VDR is regulated by a unique DNA methylation mechanism. No correlation exists between <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic> gene expression and BD activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T06:33:16Z","timestamp":1573453996000},"page":"308-317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The expression and methylation status of vitamin D receptor gene in Behcet's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sam Seydi","family":"Shirvani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Medicine Department, Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Nouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz 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