{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:45:22Z","timestamp":1786977922837,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["421223\/2018\u20109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["421223\/2018\u20109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), lymphopenia, and the disorganization of lymphoid organs such as spleen and lymph nodes have been demonstrated. However, the involvement of thymus in CVL has not been evaluated so far. Herein, we investigated whether the thymus can be colonized by\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in naturally infected dogs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thymus were obtained from 16 of 58 dogs and samples of this organ were submitted to immunohistochemistry for laminin and fibronectin detection, histopathology, in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the gene ITS\u20101 for\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      and sequenced. Samples of spleen, skin and popliteal lymph nodes were collected and submitted to immunohistochemistry and parasitological culture followed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      was identified in all dogs. DNA and amastigote forms of\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      were detected in the thymus from 16 dogs by PCR and in eight by immunohistochemistry. Besides thymus, parasites were detected in spleen, lymph nodes, and skin. A granulomatous or pyogranulomatous thymitis was observed in eight dogs associated to intact amastigotes forms of this parasite. Fibronectin deposition in thymus was higher in dogs with more clinical signs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These results demonstrate that the thymus of dogs can be parasitized by\n                      <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which may generate inflammatory reactions leading to alterations in thymic microarchitecture.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T10:41:35Z","timestamp":1585046495000},"page":"127-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Detection of amastigotes and histopathological alterations in the thymus of\n                    <i>Leishmania infantum<\/i>\n                    \u2010infected dogs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Aurea V. A.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses IOC\/FIOCRUZ  Rio de Janeiro Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tain\u00e3 L.","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses IOC\/FIOCRUZ  Rio de Janeiro Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiano B.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz  Curitiba Paran\u00e1 Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Artur A. 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