{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:13:45Z","timestamp":1780582425470,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) has been associated primarily with pneumonia, recent data show that the causative agent of COVID\u201019, the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102), can infect a large number of vital organs beyond the lungs, such as the heart, kidneys, and the brain. Thus, there is evidence showing possible retrograde transmission of the virus from the olfactory epithelium to regions of the brain stem.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a literature review article. The research design method is an evidence\u2010based rapid review. The present discourse aim is first to scrutinize and assess the available literature on COVID\u201019 repercussion on the central nervous system (CNS). Standard literature and database searches were implemented, gathered relevant material, and extracted information was then assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors being the receptor for the virus, the threat to the central nervous system is expected. Neurons and glial cells express ACE2 receptors in the CNS, and recent studies suggest that activated glial cells contribute to neuroinflammation and the devastating effects of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection on the CNS. The SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010induced immune\u2010mediated demyelinating disease, cerebrovascular damage, neurodegeneration, and depression are some of the neurological complications discussed here.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review correlates present clinical manifestations of COVID\u201019 patients with possible neurological consequences in the future, thus preparing healthcare providers for possible future consequences of COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T13:50:17Z","timestamp":1608299417000},"page":"48-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Does COVID\u201019 contribute to development of neurological disease?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Arehally M.","family":"Mahalakshmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy JSS Academy of Higher Education &amp; Research  Mysuru Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bipul","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy JSS Academy of Higher Education &amp; Research  Mysuru Karnataka India"},{"name":"Center for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT), Central Animal Facility JSS Academy of Higher Education &amp; Research  Mysuru Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunanda","family":"Tuladhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy JSS Academy of Higher Education &amp; Research  Mysuru Karnataka India"},{"name":"Center for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT), Central Animal Facility JSS Academy of Higher Education &amp; Research  Mysuru Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abid","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy JSS Academy of Higher Education &amp; Research  Mysuru Karnataka India"},{"name":"Center for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT), Central Animal Facility JSS Academy of Higher Education &amp; Research  Mysuru Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shasthara","family":"Paneyala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology JSS Hospital  Mysuru Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duraisamy","family":"Patteswari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Faculty of Life Sciences JSS Academy of Higher Education &amp; Research  Mysuru Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meena Kishore","family":"Sakharkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon SK Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2029-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamdan","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Al Faisal University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Ojcius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry University of the Pacific  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2644-5169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinivasa Rao","family":"Bolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine Nazarbayev University  Nur\u2010Sultan 020000 Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7505-9785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Musthafa Mohamed","family":"Essa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS Sultan Qaboos University  Muscat Oman"},{"name":"Principal Investigator, Ageing and Dementia Research Group Sultan Qaboos University  Muscat Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2357-056X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saravana Babu","family":"Chidambaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy JSS Academy of Higher Education &amp; Research  Mysuru Karnataka India"},{"name":"Center for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT), Central Animal Facility JSS Academy of Higher Education &amp; Research  Mysuru Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6757-1922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Walid","family":"Qoronfleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research &amp; Policy Department World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH)  Qatar Foundation Doha Qatar"},{"name":"Research &amp; Policy Division Q3CG Research Institute  Ypsilanti Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000188166.17324.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5448.1467"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","first-page":"234","article-title":"Medical reviews: coronaviruses","volume":"47","author":"Monto AS.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15698\/cst2020.04.216"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2004-127"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00737-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv25728"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12020244"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrleng.2020.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0398-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0754-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-020-0074-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-020-00662-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00122"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001191"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.05.203"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00140.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2815-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00118-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4149\/av_2017_401"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-3-28"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100000998"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2009.00594.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2020.00037"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12010014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2125"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7403860"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410310511"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.78.7.3398-3406.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-5728(00)00266-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.71.1.800-806.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00560-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.4.3338-3350.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5331-1_75"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199701)19:1<1::AID-GLIA1>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5331-1_55"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02373-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00323-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3010460"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01794-2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2009787"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104941"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104953"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-020-00994-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006000"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m606"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2007575"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.8121"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_56_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Neurological manifestations in severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Tsai L\u2010K","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Taiwanica"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.596783"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01648"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2008.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1303196"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00659-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21394"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870070210"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1353-8020(96)00006-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aas9292"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-015-0720-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00324"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.09.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2449"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10192-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11708"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30168-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv499"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/444461"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.24.20043075"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370705200405"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-7339(10)70098-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20229"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0109"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.6852"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.07.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051729"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.923549"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_93_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"COVID\u201019 impact on health, social & economy","volume":"10","author":"Muthuraman S","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_94_1","first-page":"166","article-title":"The coronavirus' impact on education\u2014school students' perspective","volume":"10","author":"Subramanian S","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_95_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"Impact of COVID\u201019: university students' perspective","volume":"10","author":"Fernandes AJ.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_96_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"The impact of COVID\u201019 on children\u2014parent's perspective","volume":"10","author":"Al\u2010Balushi B","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_97_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"COVID\u201019 impact\u2014a physician's perspective","volume":"10","author":"Prabhakar P","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1178646920951832"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0"}],"container-title":["Immunity, Inflammation and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.387","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/iid3.387","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.387","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T18:10:04Z","timestamp":1744395004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/iid3.387"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/iid3.387"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.387","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-4527","2050-4527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-4527","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-4527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}