{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:43:19Z","timestamp":1761061399279,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), immunological response is compromised. Knowledge about COVID\u201019 in CVID patients is sparse. We, here, synthesize current research addressing the level of threat COVID\u201019 poses to CVID patients and the best\u2010known treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Review of 14 publications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The number of CVID patients with moderate to severe (~29%) and critical infection courses (~10%), and the number of fatal cases (~13%), are increased compared to the general picture of COVID\u201019 infection. However, this might be an overestimate. Systematic cohort\u2010wide studies are lacking, and asymptomatic or mild cases among CVID patients occur that can easily remain unnoticed. Regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy was administered in almost all patients, potentially explaining why the numbers of critical and fatal cases were not higher. In addition, the application of convalescent plasma was demonstrated to have positive effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019 poses an elevated threat to CVID patients. However, only systematic studies can provide robust information on the extent of this threat. Regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy is beneficial to combat COVID\u201019 in CVID patients, and best treatment after infection includes the use of convalescent plasma in addition to common medication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T15:20:19Z","timestamp":1620832819000},"page":"632-634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["COVID\u201019 infection in CVID patients: What we know so far"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Niels","family":"Weifenbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trier University, FB VI, Biogeography  Trier Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science Private Universit\u00e4t im F\u00fcrstentum Liechtenstein  Triesen Liechtenstein"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alisha","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trier University, FB VI, Biogeography  Trier Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7187-1968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"L\u00f6tters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trier University, FB VI, Biogeography  Trier Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385991-4.00002-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.12.1077"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.006"},{"journal-title":"Research Square.","article-title":"Surprising protective mechanisms against severe forms of COVID\u201019 infection among common variable immunodeficiency patients\u2014one center experience","author":"Petricau C","key":"e_1_2_6_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12575-020-00128-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-020-00904-5"}],"container-title":["Immunity, Inflammation and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.450","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/iid3.450","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.450","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T19:53:52Z","timestamp":1693338832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/iid3.450"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/iid3.450"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.450","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-4527","2050-4527"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2050-4527"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2050-4527"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}