{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T15:56:46Z","timestamp":1780329406945,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adenomyosis is characterized by the presence of endometrium or endometrium\u2010like glands and stroma within the myometrium. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the cGAS\u2013STING pathway was activated and correlated with clinical outcomes in adenomyosis patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty patients diagnosed with adenomyosis and 10 patients diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN\u20103) but no adenomyosis were enrolled in this study. Specimens were collected during surgery from August 2017 to December 2017 at Third Xiangya Hospital. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of key cGAS\u2013STING pathway factors in uterine tissue were detected by real\u2010time reverse\u2010transcription polymerase chain reaction\u00a0and immunohistochemistry,\u00a0respectively. The correlations of gene expression and clinical outcomes, including dysmenorrhea and uterine volume, were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cGAS, STING, TANK\u2010binding kinase\u00a01 (TBK\u20101), interferon\u2010\u03b1 (IFN\u2010\u03b1), IFN\u2010\u03b2, and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) mRNA and protein levels in the ectopic endometrial tissue from adenomyosis patients were significantly higher compared with that from the controls in endometrium (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). cGAS and STING gene expression were correlated with TBK\u20101, IFN\u2010\u03b2, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 expression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Importantly, TBK\u20101 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 expression were correlated with the clinical outcome of dysmenorrhea (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study reveals that the cGAS\u2013STING pathway is activated in adenomyosis patients and its activation is subsequently correlated with clinical outcomes, which suggests that the cGAS\u2013STING pathway may contribute to adenomyosis pathogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T20:41:12Z","timestamp":1621456872000},"page":"932-942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Activation of the cGAS\u2013STING signaling pathway in adenomyosis 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