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The major evasion mechanisms from the host immune system by <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> are restraint of complement pathway and Toll\u2010like receptors signaling pathways, interference with efficient antigen presentation to CD4\u2010positive T lymphocytes, selective subversion of autophagy pathways, inhibition of dendritic cell stimulation, inhibition of autophagolysosomal fusion, and macrophage apoptosis. Many molecular and cellular pathways contribute to brucellosis that microRNAs have a vital function in the immunopathogenesis of this disease. In this regard, these molecules apply for their roles by modulating various events like inflammatory reactions and immune defense. Recently, in the case of immunity to human brucellosis, it has been shown that microRNAs play an important role in immunity against these bacteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we tried to review the immune defense and immunopathogenesis of <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> infection and highlight the current knowledge of the microRNAs in infected cells by <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> pathogens. The recent findings suggest that the regulation of microRNAs expression is impaired during brucellosis infection, which may contribute to disease progression or inhibition by modulating immune responses against this pathogen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The interplay between miRNAs and <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> pathogens and the underlying process required comprehensive examination to unravel the novel therapeutic or diagnostic approaches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T15:42:52Z","timestamp":1630078972000},"page":"1209-1218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["microRNAs in human brucellosis: A promising therapeutic approach and biomarker for diagnosis and 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