{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T13:32:14Z","timestamp":1758634334971,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012155","name":"National Institute for Medical Research Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["993962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["993962"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019 pandemic caused infection when influenza was still prevalent. This study was conducted to examine influenza incidence overlapped with COVID\u201019 and the effect of the COVID\u201019 measures on influenza incidence as a proxy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The routine sentinel surveillance data on COVID\u201019 and influenza was obtained from the national integrated care electronic health record system. Data were collected in 28 points from 11 months before the outbreak (from March 2019 to January 2020) and 17 months after the outbreak (February 2020\u00a0to June 2021).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Iran, the incidence rate of influenza was 51.1 cases per 100,000\u00a0populations in November 2019, while it was only 0.1 in November 2020. The average number of influenza cases specifically for the Kurdistan province during the seasonal flu peak in 2019\u20132020 was 2.5 cases per 100,000\u00a0populations, while the average of influenza cases in the preceding 4 years was 0.4 cases per 100,000\u00a0populations. In other words, the seasonal peak of influenza in Iran was significantly higher than that of previous and after years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It seems that some of the nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) used to control COVID\u201019 are effective against influenza epidemics and the results indicated a marked decline in the number of influenza cases may cause after the implementation of public health measures for COVID\u201019. The results showed the seasonal peak of influenza in Iran was significantly higher than that of previous years, so it seems that the influenza winter peak season (November 2019) overlapped with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 causing observed undetected infection during influenza winter peak.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T11:09:41Z","timestamp":1657624181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Influenza incidence overlapped with COVID\u201019 or under COVID\u201019 control measures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2976-4488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azad","family":"Shokri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences  Sanandaj Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2612-6528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghobad","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences  Sanandaj Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4449-1978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhad","family":"Moradpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences  Sanandaj Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5567-641X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amjad","family":"Mohamadi Bolbanabad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences  Sanandaj Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7790-4604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Younesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Management, Faculty of Management and Information Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9320-5053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parisa","family":"Daftarifard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"English Language Research Center, South Tehran Branch IAU  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4738-9810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Ebrazeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Public Health Qom University of Medical Sciences  Qom Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Worldometer. Reported Cases and Deaths by Country or Territory; 2021. Accessed August 15 2021.https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30120-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9070766"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12824"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7029a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.14661"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"246","article-title":"Towards National eHealth Implementation\u2014a Comparative Study on WHO\/ITU National eHealth Strategy Toolkit In Iran","volume":"205","author":"Riazi H","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa570"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.201229"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16381"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. (WHO\/Europe). Weekly Influenza Overview. 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