{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:33:14Z","timestamp":1791423194689,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anxiety and depression exhibit a high prevalence in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, while this issue is seldom explored in lupus nephritis (LN). Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression, and the risk factors for these mental disorders in LN patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty LN patients, 50 non\u2010LN SLE patients, and 50 health control (HCs) were enrolled. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for anxiety (HADS\u2010A) score and HADS for depression (HADS\u2010D) score were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>HADS\u2010A score was highest in LN patients (median 7.0, interquartile range [IQR]: 6.0\u201310.0), followed by non\u2010LN SLE patients (median 6.0, IQR: 5.0\u20138.0), and lowest in HCs (median 5.0, IQR: 3.0\u20137.0) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Besides, the anxiety rate was most frequent in LN patients (38.0%), followed by non\u2010LN SLE patients (28.0%), least common in HCs (12.0%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.011). HADS\u2010D score was highest in LN patients (median 7.5, IQR: 6.0\u201311.0), followed by non\u2010LN SLE patients (median 6.0, IQR: 5.0\u20138.3), and lowest in HCs (median 4.0, IQR: 2.0\u20136.3) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Similarly, the depression rate was most prevalent in LN patients (50.0%), subsequently the non\u2010LN SLE patients (30.0%), and rarest in HCs (10.0%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Furthermore, in LN patients, age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.009), LN activity index (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.020), alopecia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.023), 24\u2009h proteinuria (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.044), and C\u2010reactive protein (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.049) were independently correlated with higher anxiety risk; meanwhile, age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001) and LN activity index (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.009) were independently correlated with higher depression risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent, which link to aging, alopecia, inflammation, and severe renal involvement in LN patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T12:20:51Z","timestamp":1661170851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Anxiety and depression prevalence and their risk factors in lupus nephritis patients: A case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0886-8272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Therapy The First Specialized Hospital of Harbin Harbin 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